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Published in Philip A. Laplante, Comprehensive Dictionary of Electrical Engineering, 2018
gap filler a low-power transmitter that boosts the strength of transmitted DAB RF signals in areas that normally would be shadowed due to terrain obstruction. Gap fillers can operate on the same frequency as DAB transmissions or on alternate channels that can be located by DAB receivers using automatic switching. gapless arrester a lightning arrester which is distinguished from a gapped arrester by having a continuous conductive path between the conductor and ground. gapped arrester a lightning arrester whose conducting path contains a gas- or air-filled spark gap which must be broken down by the lightning impulse voltage. garbage an object or a set of objects that can no longer be accessed, typically because all pointers that direct accesses to the object or set have been eliminated. garbage collection the process by which the memory a program no longer uses is automatically reclaimed and reused. Relying on garbage collection to manage memory simplifies the interfaces between program components. Two main methods used to implement garbage collection are reference counting and mark-and-sweep.
Programming Languages
Published in David R. Martinez, Robert A. Bond, Vai M. Michael, High Performance Embedded Computing Handbook, 2018
The elimination of the need to manage memory in Java has two important effects. First, Java does not include pointers or bit-level manipulation capability. Thus, device drivers must be written in a lower-level language like C. Second, Java introduces a garbage collection mechanism that is responsible for de-allocating memory that is no longer needed by the application. This garbage collection mechanism may run at unpredictable times and can, therefore, be a detriment to obtaining repeatable performance. Sun’s real-time specification for Java corrects this by providing threads that cannot be interrupted by garbage collection (Bollella et al. 2000). The combination of high-productivity features and real-time performance makes the real-time Java specification an attractive possibility for high performance embedded systems.
Skip compactors for garbage collection based on space utilization
Published in Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, 2018
Yi-Wen Peng, Tien-Hsing Hsu, Wei-Mei Chen
Garbage collection is a type of automatic memory management that automatically reclaims unused memory. When an object cannot be accessed, it becomes a dead object (garbage) and its resource can be reclaimed. John McCarthy (1960), using Lisp programming, first proposed garbage collection for automatically reclaiming memory. Nowadays, garbage collection is applied to modern programming languages, such as Java and Python. Programmers can use garbage collection by including library at C and C++ (Boehm and Weiser 1988; Demers et al. 1989; Shahriyar, Blackburn, and McKinley 2014)