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Networking: Concepts and Technology
Published in P. S. Neelakanta, ATM Telecommunications, 2018
At the receiver end, frame synchronization is achieved by searching for the frame synchronization pattern. For example, in the case of T-1 channels, an alternating bit pattern that occurs after every 193 bits is searched for. Framing is established by examining bit after bit successively until a sufficiently long framing pattern is detected. In such efforts, average frame acquisition time Ft is an important factor in designing frame synchronization schemes. Now, Ft for a scheme, which uses one framing bit per frame with alternating ones and zeros, can be deduced. In general, Ft has two components, FtA and FtB, defined as follows: Average time required to scan the required number of bits before a framing bit is observed.Average time required to test and ensure that the chosen bit is a frame bit
Development of 3DTV Emission Multiplexer and Reception-Signal Status Analyzer for ATSC 8-VSB & MDTV Hybrid 3DTV Services
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2020
Sung-Hoon Kim, Dong-Wook Kang, Kyeong-Hoon Jung, Ki-Doo Kim
The SC-MMH 3DTV system requires additional service signaling to multiplex for 3D service description such as the service-type information, the stream-association information, and the information of left and right-eye video frame synchronization. The service-type information indicates whether the current service is 3D and whether the VEI option is used. The stream-association information includes the location of streams and a flag that indicates the left-eye stream. The frame synchronization information enables the receiver to find the left- and right-eye images that should be presented at the same time. Table 2 presents the SC-MMH 3DTV service descriptor in the ATSC A/104 Part 5 standard, and Figure 6 shows the service descriptor parameters within the 8-VSB main stream [6]. These parameters are extracted from the transmitted signal using the service descriptor monitoring option.
A binocular parallel rendering method for VR globes
Published in International Journal of Digital Earth, 2020
Wumeng Huang, Jing Chen, Mengyun Zhou
Generally, to improve the rendering efficiency of VR globes, in this paper, we allocate the rendering work of the entire VR globes to be completed in parallel by five threads (one main thread, two rendering threads, and two data threads) and meanwhile adopt two parallel rendering methods, graphics-pipeline-parallel (sort-first method) and data-parallel. In the concrete implementation, we ensure that the rendering tasks of the left and right cameras are independent of each other through the p-buffers technique and achieve frame synchronization of the binocular rendering through the barrier technique.
Design and Implementation of an Enterprise Credit Risk Assessment Model Based on Improved Fuzzy Neural Network
Published in Applied Artificial Intelligence, 2023
Frequency hopping synchronization means that the sending and receiving parties use the same frequency to communicate at the same time. Usually, the frequency hopping frequency table, network number, system time information TOD, frame synchronization and bit synchronization information are required.