China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Enabling Smart Cities through IoT: The ALMANAC Way
Published in Ricardo Armentano, Robin Singh Bhadoria, Parag Chatterjee, Ganesh Chandra Deka, The Internet of Things, 2017
Dario Bonino, Maria Teresa Delgado, Claudio Pastrone, Maurizio Spirito, Alexandre Alapetite, Thomas Gilbert, Mathias Axling, Matts Ahlsen, Peter Rosengren, Marco Jahn, Raphael Ahrens, Otilia Werner-Kytölä, Jose Angel Carvajal Soto
This scenario often leads to tight requirements on ICT systems, which are required to support different—sometimes collaborative—entities, while having the ability to enable independent operations of connected entities. Differently from several existing state-of-the-art approaches, which concentrate on technical requirements and only consider social and legal interactions at a later design stage, ALMANAC tackles these issues from the very early design phases. Interaction of entities involved in smart cities is addressed by means of the federation concept, an extension of the well-known cloud federation idea (Rochwerger et al., 2009) to real-world city requirements and use cases. Broadly speaking, the term cloud federation refers to interoperability of different cloud systems as if they were one, with each single system maintaining a firm control on shared information and functions. This concept can be extended quite well to smart cities where different stakeholders need to work together as a single entity depending on the current context and needs. The main challenge is addressing the fact that context and stakeholders being part of a federation might change in time, and that their exchanges are shaped and constrained by nontechnical boundaries set by policies and regulations, which may also vary in time.
Federation, Presence, Identity, and Privacy in the Cloud
Published in John W. Rittinghouse, James F. Ransome, Cloud Computing, 2017
John W. Rittinghouse, James F. Ransome
Network identity is a set of attributes which describes an individual in the digital space. Identity management is the business processes and technologies of managing the life cycle of an identity and its relationship to business applications and services. Federated identity management (IdM) refers to standards-based approaches for handling authentication, single sign-on (SSO, a property of access control for multiple related but independent software systems), role-based access control, and session management across diverse organizations, security domains, and application platforms. It is a system that allows individuals to use the same user name, password, or other personal identification to sign on to the networks of more than one entity in order to conduct transactions. Federation is enabled through the use of open industry standards and/or openly published specifications, such that multiple parties can achieve interoperability for common use cases. Typical use cases involve things such as cross-domain, web-based single sign-on, cross-domain user account provisioning, cross-domain entitlement management, and cross-domain user attribute exchange.
Convergence of Technologies and IT/OT Integration
Published in Stuart Borlase, Smart Grids, 2018
Stuart Borlase, Michael Covarrubias, Jim Horstman, Greg Robinson, Stuart Borlase, John Chowdhury, Greg Robinson, Tim Taylor
Information services are particularly relevant to data management because they contain the data logic of business design. The service implementations that provide the data logic have three major responsibilities: Data access: The data access information service implementations can include query statements for retrieving information or referential integrity checks on the information manipulated by these service implementations. Information services for data access incorporate federation of multiple data sources.Data composition: The data composition information service implementations compose information in a way that matches the composition of services in the business design. This is analogous to the kind of refactoring that can occur with legacy applications to get them to fit better with the business design. In addition, it is common practice to implement these services to separate the database design from the application design to achieve the level of performance and scalability required in many enterprise computing environments.Data flow: The data flow information service implementations manage the movement of information from one part of the enterprise to another. The movement of data is needed to satisfy its own data flow and life-cycle requirements. This may involve the use of Extract-Transform-Load (ETL) mechanisms to process and enrich data in bulk, batch processing activities involved in bulk transaction processing, and migrating data from master-data-of-record databases to information warehouses that can be used to perform postprocessing and business intelligence, analytics, and content management functions—which, in turn, are made available to the business application as services.
Using Ontologies to Share Access Control Information in Rural Business Process Outsourcing
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2021
In this era of globalisation, organisations interact with one another for various purposes, such as academic or commercial. Federation is one such interaction between organisations where each organisation carries out its local operations independently but at the same time respects the contracts or agreements with other members of the federation. One example of federation is rural business process outsourcing (RBPO).