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Innovation Opportunities through Internet of Things (IoT) for Smart Cities
Published in Pradeep Tomar, Gurjit Kaur, Green and Smart Technologies for Smart Cities, 2019
Rajalakshmi Krishnamurthi, Anand Nayyar, Arun Solanki
In the TCP/IP protocol suite, the application protocol exhibits redundant and huge overheads in order to achieve reliability. Hence the existing application layer protocols are not favorable for resource-constrained IoT devices. To overcome this, the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP), and RestAPI methods, namely GET, PUT, POST, and DELETE (Shelby, 2010), MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport), XMPP (Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol) are used. Similarly, computationally intensive Extensible Markup Language (XML) are replaced using open data format Efficient XML Interchange (EXI.(Castellani et al., 2011).
Configuration and Management of Networked Embedded Devices
Published in Richard Zurawski, Industrial Communication Technology Handbook, 2017
Wilfried Elmenreich, Andrea Monacchi
Since SOAP representations rely on XML, data management introduces a certain overhead. A solution to overcome the heavyweight XML representation is to use a binary format. A potential candidate is the Efficient XML interchange (EXI), recommended by W3C since 2011. EXI provides an alternative compact representation of structured data that can be easily integrated into existing XML-based services by means of special converters. A comparison between different formats is addressed by Sakr [36].
Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Review of Enabling Technologies, Architecture, and Challenges
Published in IETE Technical Review, 2018
Bhagya Nathali Silva, Murad Khan, Kijun Han
Multiple protocols and standards are involved with IoT communication. Among them, Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6), Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4), IPv6 over Low power Wireless Personal Area Network (6LoWPAN), Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP), Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) take a higher priority. However, constrained device developers have stated UDP is advantageous and cost-effective, due to its smaller size and performance [11]. An attempt was made to propose a model, which arranges these protocols into constrained and unconstrained stacks according to the TCP/IP network layer architecture. The unconstrained stack contains common standards Extensible Markup Language (XML), Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), and IPv4, whereas the constrained stack holds protocols with similar functionality but replaced with those in which the complexity is significantly reduced, i.e. Efficient XML Interchange (EXI), CoAP, and 6LoWPAN [7]. IoT has been rapidly developed and deployed in the real life with the enormous contribution from the research centres and companies [12]. The IEEE 802.3, IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.15.4 are the most common standards related to IoT [11]. Moreover, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) protocol suite has a vital contribution towards IoT, and it has been evaluated by Sheng et al. to determine the challenges for IoT [13].
Migration of industrial process control systems to service-oriented architectures
Published in International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 2018
Oscar Carlsson, Jerker Delsing, Fredrik Arrigucci, Armando W Colombo, Thomas Bangemann, Philippe Nappey
Mulle nodes communicate using the efficient XML interchange (EXI) (www.w3.org/XML/EXI) and CoAP on top of 6LoWPAN. The services hosted by the Mulle support input, output, filtering, logging, and configuration services. All data are EXI encoded and transmitted using CoAP over 6LowPAN.