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Nervous System
Published in Joseph D. Bronzino, Donald R. Peterson, Biomedical Engineering Fundamentals, 2019
is section describes some eorts in which dierent methods have been used in trying to address the dicult task of feedback loops in the brain. No attempt, however, will be made to explain or even postulate where these feedback loops might be located. If one considers the brain as a huge set of neural networks, then one question has been debated for many years: what is the role of the individual neuron in the net and what is the role of each network in the global processes of the brain? More specically, does the neuron act as an analyzer or a detector of specic features or does it merely reect the characteristic response of a population of cells of which it happens to be a member? What invariant relationships exist between sensory input and the response of a single neuron and how much can be “read” about the stimulus parameters from the record of a single EP? In turn, then, how much feedback can one use from a single EP to inuence the stimulus and how successful can that inuence be? Many physiologists express doubts that simultaneous observations of a large number of individual neuronal activities can be readily interpreted. In other words, can then a feedback process inuence and modulate the stimulus patterns so that they appear as being optimal? If this was proven to be true, it would mean that we can reverse the
Base Station Aperture Antennas for Communication Systems
Published in Albert Sabban, Novel Wearable Antennas for Communication and Medical Systems, 2017
The polar radiation pattern of a single element is called the element pattern (EP). The array pattern is the polar radiation pattern that would result if the elements were replaced by isotropic radiators with the same amplitude and phase of excitation as the actual elements and spaced at points on a grid corresponding to the far-field phase centers of the radiators. If we assume that all the polar radiation patterns of the elements taken individually are identical (within a certain tolerance) and that the patterns are all aligned in the same direction in azimuth and elevation, then the total array antenna pattern is obtained by multiplying the array factor, AF, by the element pattern. The total array antenna pattern, ET, is ET = AF·EP.
Electrical Cell Lysis on Microfluidic Devices
Published in Tuhin S. Santra, Microfluidics and Bio-MEMS, 2020
EL, as well as EP, can be applied for single-cell analysis [43]. This type of analysis is significant for understanding features that cannot be detected in a colony-based approach. Glutathione within individual erythrocytes has been analyzed using the EL method to study the mechanism of various biological processes that occur in a living body [52]. To increase throughput, parallel processing of single-cell analysis using EL followed by capillary electrophoresis technique was also demonstrated through a parallel microchannel– based device [54].
Inertial algorithm with self-adaptive step size for split common null point and common fixed point problems for multivalued mappings in Banach spaces
Published in Optimization, 2022
T. O. Alakoya, L. O. Jolaoso, A. Taiwo, O. T. Mewomo
[49] Let C be a nonempty closed convex subset of H and be a bifunction satisfying (C1)–(C4). For any r>0 and define by Then, the following hold: is nonempty and single-valued; is firmly nonexpansive;EP(h) is closed and convex.
Effect of nickel nanopowder on lubrication behaviour of low-temperature grease in steel-steel tribosystem
Published in Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces, 2020
Elena G. Zadoshenko, Victoria E. Burlakova, Anastasiia A. Novikova
The last nonseizure load (LNSL) is the last load at which the measured scar diameter is not higher than 5% above the compensation line [32]. The compensation line was obtained from a plot of the compensation scar diameters against the applied load. Usually, the region beyond the LNSL is known as EP region, whereas the region before the LNSL is the AW region. According to employed loads, we define ISL as the first load beyond the LNSL. The WL is the lowest applied load at which the rotating ball welds to the three stationary balls. The LWI is a single parameter (the higher the better) that shows the overall EP behaviour in a range between well below seizure and welding. It may be calculated from the expression:where P – applied load, dh – the Hertz diameter is the average diameter of an indentation caused by the deformation of the balls under static conditions, d - the wear scar diameter and n – the total number of occurrences.
Cut resistant property of weft knitting structure: a review
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2018
Lijuan Wang, Kejing Yu, Diantang Zhang, Kun Qian
Moreover, hybrid yarn is the focus of research. This is because different properties can be obtained by various blending technologies. Serge designed a type of hybrid yarn, which was combined aramid with steel or glass fiber, steel, and glass fibers tend to be reduced in cross-sectional without fracture. Results indicated that this hybrid yarn is helpful for cut resistant property of yarn (Rebouillat, Steffenino, & Miret-Casas, 2010). In USA patent NO4918912, blended spun yarns were made of about 40%-60% para-aramid fiber, about 20–40% nylon fiber, and about 10%-30% acrylic fiber. Such yarns have better resistant performance to cutting and abrasion (Warner, USE patent, 1990). Rana Faruq Mahbub used wool yarn and Kevlar with two feeders as a union blend to product a weft-knitted fabric (Rana Faruq Mahbub, 2015). In EP patent NO1678356B1, inventor made use of plied-twist to product cut-resistant yarn，the ply-twisted yarns were made by twisting together at least two single yarns. The one single yarn has a sheath/core construction with a sheath of cut resistant staple fibers and an inorganic fiber core. The other single yarn combines staple fibers with elastomeric filament (Prickett et al., EP patent, 2006).