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Data Acquisition and Processing
Published in Ethirajan Rathakrishnan, Instrumentation, Measurements, and Experiments in Fluids, 2016
The data conversion generally involves conversion of data from analogue to digital or from digital to analogue. In analogue representation, the physical variables of interest are treated as continuous quantities, while in digital representations, the physical quantities are restricted to discrete, non-continuous “chunks.” The conversion of data from analogue to digital form and vice versa is necessitated by the fact that the real-world events are continuous with a string of binary digits 0 and 1. Therefore, data has to be converted to digital form before being fed to a computer and the output from the computer may have to be converted back to analogue form in order to control or operate any analogue device. There are many other advantages with such data conversions. They are the following. Conversion of signals from analogue to digital form gives noise immunity to the data during its transmission.It is easy to determine whether or not a single digital pulse (either a binary 0 or binary 1) is present at a given time, determining the presence of a pulse in analogue form.Coding techniques have been developed only for digital signals and thus, to take advantage of the error-detection and error-correction capabilities of these codes, it is essential to correct all the data signals of interest to digital form.
Data collection and conversion
Published in Catherine Dawson, A–Z of Digital Research Methods, 2019
Data collection and conversion refers to the process of bringing together or gathering data and converting them from one media form, or format, to another (through export or data translation software, for example). This is done to enable interoperability so that computer systems or software can exchange data and make use of data (data formatting and the interoperability of GIS datasets from different sources, for example: see Chapter 21). Data capture is a term that is sometimes used interchangeably with data collection: however, data capture refers more specifically to the process of a device reading information from one system or media source and transporting it directly to another system or media source (bar code readers or intelligent document recognition, for example). Data collection is a more general term that refers to gathering information in various ways from various sources and delivering it to a system or media source (and can, therefore, include data capture techniques). Similarly, data migration is a term that is sometimes used interchangeably with data conversion. However, data migration refers specifically to the process of transferring data from one system to another, whereas data conversion refers to the process of transforming or translating data from one format to another. Data conversion is used to extract data from one source, translate or transform them, and prepare them for loading onto another system or media source (ensuring that all data are maintained, with embedded information included in the conversion: the target format must be able to support all the features and constructs of the source data).
Design of an optimal observer for making liquid level control loop robust to variations in transmission parameters
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2020
Santhosh Krishnan Venkata, Nathan Noronha E Silva, Nanditha Nair
Products are developed with a combination of raw materials. To obtain the best product it is essential to mix the raw materials with desired quantities at an appropriate interval under optimal conditions. So, as to maintain the desired quantity of raw materials are mixed an instrumentation system is required. Instrumentation system is a combination of sensors and additional circuits. Under several circumstances, measurement data are expected to be transferred from the location of measurement to other places, to facilitate remote monitoring suitable communication systems are needed. Communication system involves conversion of data from analog to digital or vice versa. Data conversion is a process that may give rise to several abnormalities to the data, leading to misinterpretation of data. The proposed work reports a technique by the introduction of observer in the process so as to nullify the effect of transmission parameters on the measured data.