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Africa
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Introduction
Published in Randall L. Eubank, Ana Kupresanin, Statistical Computing in C++ and R, 2011
Randall L. Eubank, Ana Kupresanin
The body of the method is straightforward in that the current member of the iterator object is set to the Next pointer thereby moving it to the next node in the list. It is the code leading up to that point that requires a bit of deciphering. First, there is the by now familiar template <class Key, class Data> code segment that informs the compiler that Key and Data are template parameters that will be defined elsewhere. The fact that iterator is nested in the LTC class means that the scope resolution operator must be used twice; the syntax LTC<Key, Data>: iterator: : operator++ states that operator++ is a member of the iterator class which, in turn, is a member of the LTC class. The final issue is the return type. In this case LTC<Key, Data>: :iterator indicates that the return type is an iterator object where the identity of iterator is contained in the class LTC<Key, Data>. In such cases the keyword typename tells the compiler that LTC<Key, Data>: :iterator is, in fact, a class (e.g., Vandervoorde and Josuttis 2003). The same consideration applies to the assignment operator whose definition is
Mobile Cloud Computing
Published in Jithesh Sathyan, Anoop Narayanan, Navin Narayan, K V Shibu, A Comprehensive Guide to Enterprise Mobility, 2016
Jithesh Sathyan, Anoop Narayanan, Navin Narayan, K V Shibu
The Open Grid Foundation has a working group for setting standards for cloud- computing infrastructure called Open Cloud Computing Interface (OCCI). They provide API specifications for different cloud services such as IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS. You may visit the official site of OCCI at http://occi-wg.org/ for more information. It is a basic trend seen in Internet-based technologies that they enter the market as closed and proprietary, but in the long run if the technology is not open, cheap, and available, it would cease to exist. When the technology attains maturity, the technology will be freely available to all and the quality of service is what matters. Cloud is no exception to this trend, and in this regard going for an open-cloud technology has its advantages in the long run. The organizations that bring out the standards have a major role in this phase shift, which is the case for the introduction of any technology. Going for open cloud provides customers the flexibility to change their SaaS, PaaS, or IaaS providers at any time. Customers have full control over their IT assets. In case of proprietary services, the customers get locked up with the service provider. Portability includes the following: Portability of data and codeProgramming language and librariesOwnership of IT assets
Industrial Espionage
Published in Johann Rost, The Insider’s Guide to Outsourcing Risks and Rewards, 2016
In this section three targets of espionage are addressed: confidential data, source code, and business secrets. Data is the most systemized and easiest item to protect. Source code and the related technical documentation are more difficult to protect because they have to be handed over to offshore staff who need to work with them. Business know-how has a rather unstructured meaning; even a handwritten page of paper on which an executive outlined a new business idea can be top secret. Background information about the business is usually not considered “secret.” Nevertheless, on some narrow markets it can constitute a precious resource that is managed like a secret.
From unstructured texts to semantic story maps
Published in International Journal of Digital Earth, 2023
Valentina Bartalesi, Gianpaolo Coro, Emanuele Lenzi, Pasquale Pagano, Nicolò Pratelli
This section describes the components of our workflow (modules) that allowed us to manage the reported case study regarding the description of 23 mountain-related value chains and territories (Figure 1). This section first describes the case study (Section 2.1). Then, it explains the workflow module (story-structure building module) that transforms unstructured raw text into a structured story (Section 2.2). Moreover, it explains the module (story map creation module) that creates a structured version of the story maps in JSON format -- later stored on a PostgresSQL-JSON database -- and populates the semantic knowledge base (Section 2.3). Finally, it describes the Story Map Building and Visualising Tool (SMBVT) that hosts, publishes, and visualises the story maps (Section 2.4), and the evaluation strategy used (Section 2.5). The Supplementary Material contains references to all produced data, source code, services, and interfaces mentioned in this paper.
Challenges and opportunities of the spatiotemporal responses to the global pandemic of COVID-19
Published in Annals of GIS, 2022
Chaowei Phil Yang, Shuming Bao, Wendy Guan, Kate Howell, Tao Hu, Hai Lan, Yun Li, Qian Liu, Jennifer Smith, Anusha Srirenganathan, Theo Trefonides, Kevin Wang, Zifu Wang
The challenges also brought some new opportunities for reproducible and replicable research: Establishing an open framework with global standards for reproducibility and replicability. The framework enables capturing various aspects of the research lifecycle, including built environment (i.e. operation system, tools, and packages), sharing and analysing collected data, results demonstration, and drafting reports or papers;Providing an integrated open environment for data, source code sharing and results preview. With the standard, an open platform facilitates researchers to share data and code freely. The platform also provides an environment running the code based on users predefined configurations and previewing the results;Developing reproducible research workflow models. Easy-to-use scientific workflows for reproducible, replicable, and expandable data analysis is a promising direction. Python Jupyter Notebook and R Markdown have been widely used to turn the analyses into high-quality documents, reports, and presentations with codes. Emerging interactive workflow tools (i.e. KNIME and Alteryx) facilitate cross-disciplinary researchers to implement the processes of data pre-processing, analysis, modelling, and visualization in a WYSIWYG (what you see is what you get) fashion.