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Coherent Optics Use Cases in Access Networks
Published in Zhensheng Jia, Luis Alberto Campos, Coherent Optics for Access Networks, 2019
The Cable Network’s evolution to a Distributed Access Architecture (DAA) naturally fits into an aggregation use case. Cable operators have begun evolving their access networks from centralized architectures to distributed architectures. In a centralized access architecture, the Cable Modem Termination System (CMTS) or Converged Cable Access Platform (CCAP) resides in a hub providing broadband connectivity to thousands of cable modems across dozens or even hundreds of nodes. Distributed architectures are arranged in a variety of ways: in Remote physical layer (PHY), media access control (MAC) functionality remains in the hub, while PHY functionality is pushed deeper into the access network; in Remote MAC–PHY, both MAC and PHY functionalities are pushed deeper into the access network; and in other emerging topologies, flexible placement means MAC functions can reside either in a hub or deeper in the network.
5 IP—The Internet Protocol
Published in Wes Simpson, Howard Greenfield, IPTV and Internet Video:, 2012
Wes Simpson, Howard Greenfield
Cable modem termination system (CMTS) shelves are located at the cable TV head end. These provide high-speed data connectivity to hundreds or thousands of cable TV subscribers. The output of the CMTS system is one or more RF signals that are combined with normal video signals distributed to all of the viewers in an area. At each broadband user's home, a cable modem is installed that tunes to the required frequency and selects data addressed to that user's home. Data packets are converted into standard Ethernet format and delivered to the user's PC or other device (such as a home router or Wi-Fi access point). On the return trip, the cable modem accepts data from the end-user device and transmits it back to the CMTS by way of an RF channel on the cable TV return path.
Naturalistic observations of multiteam interaction networks: Implications for cognition in crisis management teams
Published in Ergonomics, 2023
Jukrin Moon, Farzan Sasangohar, S. Camille Peres, Changwon Son
Natural and human-made disasters in 2019 caused global economic losses of around $133 billion and $7 billion, respectively (Swiss Re 2019). Additionally, the recent coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has called attention to biological disasters and their socioeconomic implications (Nicola et al. 2020; World Health Organization 2020). When a disaster occurs, crisis management teams (CMTs), involving multiple disciplines such as firefighting, law enforcement, and emergency medical service, are charged to process relevant information and create effective plans as efficiently as possible (Bharosa, Lee, and Janssen 2010; Bigley and Roberts 2001; Militello et al. 2007). Failing to coordinate within and across CMTs can lead to considerable consequences such as delays in response times and subsequent increases in damages (Bearman et al. 2015; Grunwald and Bearman 2017). For instance, in response to the 2005 Hurricane Katrina—a category three storm—communication and coordination failures occurred among four separate command structures and likely contributed to the estimated damage of $125 billion and 1,833 deaths being larger than it would have otherwise (Gheytanchi et al. 2007).