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FRET Reporter Molecules for Identification of Enzyme Functions
Published in Grunwald Peter, Biocatalysis and Nanotechnology, 2017
Jing Mu, Hao Lun Cheong, Bengang Xing
β-Secretase (BACE) is a membrane bound aspartic protease ubiquitously expressed in the brain and pancreas tissues. BACE was identified as the proteolytic enzyme that cleaves amyloid precursor protein (APP). Proteolytic cleavages of APP by BACE, creates a C99 membrane-bound C-terminal fragments, which are further processed by secretase to release toxic amyloid-β peptides. Such insoluble peptides aggregate to induce neurodegeneration, which are known as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Therefore, effective tools to elucidate the secretase functions, especially in cellular levels and living animal are quite necessary for better understanding the pathological feature of AD (Hardy et al., 2002; Evin et al., 2010).
Multicores in Embedded Systems
Published in Gedare Bloom, Joel Sherrill, Tingting Hu, Ivan Cibrario Bertolotti, Real-Time Systems Development with RTEMS and Multicore Processors, 2020
Gedare Bloom, Joel Sherrill, Tingting Hu, Ivan Cibrario Bertolotti
In the C language, up to and including the C99 revision of the standard [70], reordering constraints were mainly based on the concepts of sequence point and volatile object, which we will briefly explain in the following. Sequence points are specific points in the execution sequence, defined by the standard. Examples of sequence points include function calls (after argument evaluation) and the end of a full expression (which coincides with the semicolon at its end).
Programming Languages
Published in David R. Martinez, Robert A. Bond, Vai M. Michael, High Performance Embedded Computing Handbook, 2018
At first, one might consider Fortran to be a natural fit for the embedded space because of the emphasis on mathematical programming. Fortran compilers generally produce very efficient code. Complex data types, which are often used in signal processing, were directly supported as early as FORTRAN 77, whereas they were not added to C until C99. Fortran 95 supports distribution of data over multiple processors and global array operations, which are not present in C.
Arbogast : Higher order automatic differentiation for special functions with Modular C
Published in Optimization Methods and Software, 2018
Isabelle Charpentier, Jens Gustedt
C is undergoing a continued process of standardization and improvement and, over the years, has added features that are important in the context of this study: complex numbers, variable length arrays (VLA), long double, the restrict keyword, type generic mathematical functions (all in C99), programmable type generic interfaces (_Generic), choosable alignment and Unicode support (in C11) (see [27]). Contrary to common belief, C is not a subset of C++. Features such as VLA, restrict and _Generic that make C interesting for numerical calculus do not translate to C++. Moreover, its static type system, fixed at compile time, and its ability to manage pointer aliasing make C particularly interesting for performance critical code. These are properties that are not met by C++, where dynamic types, indirections and opaque overloading of operators can be a severe impediment for compiler optimization. Unfortunately, these advantages of C are met with some shortcomings. Prominent among these is the lack of two closely related features, modularity and reusability, that are highly desirable in the context of AD.