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Running Stability of a Non-Linear System of a Railway Vehicle by Random Process Excitation
Published in A.H. Wickens, The Dynamics of Vehicles on roads and on tracks, 2018
Ladislav Rus, Vladimír Havlíček
Since we intended to obtain general conclusions from the solution of Eq. (2), the system was solved in the dimensionless form. Therefore the following relations were applied [4]. () c1 = c10+c11φ1 = c10(1+c11c10φ1)c2 = c20+c21φ2 = c20(1+c21c20φ2)
Design and Simulation of Adaptive Cognitive Radio Based on Software-Defined Radio (SDR) Using Higher-Order Moments and Cumulants
Published in Ibrahiem M. M. El Emary, Anna Brzozowska, Shaping the Future of ICT, 2017
Ahmed Abdulridha Thabit, Hadi T. Ziboon
Feature selection is the most important step that should be taken in account at designing a CR. Conventional detection methods are based on instantaneous features such as energy. These methods suffer from noise uncertainty; these systems fail in the detection at low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values. Therefore, a new CR system depending on statistical features is proposed. Higher-order moments and cumulants are suggested in this system as a signal feature. Three features were used in this system; they are C11, C20, and C60. These features are selected according to their ability to separate or distinguish between signal and noise, as clearly seen in MATLAB® simulations (Figures 17.5 through 17.7) that show the ability of specified cumulants to distinguish between the noise and the signals. Therefore, these three features are candidates to provide the best response. Equations 17.3, 17.6 through 17.8, and 17.11 are used in the design.
The Transportation Problem
Published in Shashi Kant Mishra, Bhagwat Ram, Introduction to Linear Programming with MATLAB®, 2017
Shashi Kant Mishra, Bhagwat Ram
Matrix cost : c11=5,c12=2,c13=4,c14=3 $ c_{11}=5, c_{12}=2, c_{13}=4,c_{14}=3 $ , c21=6,c22=4,c23=9,c24=5 $ c_{21}=6, c_{22}= 4, c_{23}=9, c_{24}=5 $ , c31=2,c32=3,c33=8,c34=1 $ c_{31}=2, c_{32}=3, c_{33}=8, c_{34}=1 $ .
A Pseudocomponent-Based Approach for the Formulation of Evaporation Surrogates of Practical Liquid Fuels
Published in Combustion Science and Technology, 2023
Mohamad Asrardel, Álvaro Muelas, Javier Ballester
After defining three PCs for the diesel sample (the first step of the procedure described in Section 4), the three alkanes with the highest similarity indices were identified. The resulting palette compounds are n-undecane (C11), n-tetradecane (C14) and n-pentadecane (C15). These components yielded similarity indices of 65.59% (C11), 60.45% (C14) and 57.50% (C15) in comparison with their corresponding PCs. The optimization procedure (step 3.2 in Figure 6) yielded the following optimal mass fractions: 88.0% C11, 10.7% C14 and 1.3% C15. Figure 7 shows the errors in the prediction of the various evaporation metrics for the whole range of mass fractions, along with the location of the aforementioned optimal mixture. Even though all evaporation metrics are affected by the surrogate composition, the influence of surrogate composition is different for the various metrics. For example, t20 and tc display, respectively, the lowest and highest sensitivity with respect to composition. In the iterative process for finding the optimal mass fraction, the GA converged to the following values for the weight factors: 0.63, 0.70, 0.34 and 0.36 for t20, t60, tc and tt, respectively. Thus, all the evaporation metrics significantly contributed to the calculation of the global objective function.
Improved vertical displacement calculation model for immersed tube tunnel considering tidal load
Published in Marine Georesources & Geotechnology, 2022
Huanzhu Zhou, Lechen Wang, Binsong Jiang, Yanning Wang
The solution of the above equation is as follows: Thus, the general solution of the above equation is obtained as follows: where C11, C12, C13, and C14 are algebraic values. At this point, when x = 0, the deflection is s0, rotation angle is bending moment is and shear force is and these parameters can be expressed as follows:
First-principles study of elastic and electronic properties of layered ternary nitride SrZrN2 under pressure
Published in Philosophical Magazine, 2019
Yi X. Wang, Zheng X. Yan, Wei Liu, Gao L. Zhou, Jian B. Gu
The elasticity of a material is totally characterised by its elastic stiffness tensor, which are the coefficients that relate the stress tensor to the strain tensor by Hooke's law. Since the stress and strain tensors are symmetric, the most general elastic stiffness tensor has only 21 independent components. For a hexagonal crystal, they are further reduced to six components, i.e. C11, C12, C13, C14, C33, and C44. Generally, we use the bulk modulus B and the shear modulus G to distinguish the mechanical performance of a material. These two elastic moduli can be deduced from the Voigt–Reuss–Hill approximation [34]where the BV and GV are bulk modulus and shear modulus of the Voigt scheme and the BR and GR are bulk modulus and shear modulus of the Reuss scheme. They can be calculated from the elastic constants, and the details can be found in Ref. [35]. Then, Young's modulus E and Poisson's ratio σ can be calculated by: