Beep

Beep

Making Sounds with Computer Software

Published in Russ Martin, Sound Synthesis and Sampling, 2012

The early 8-bit computers of the 1980s had simple rectangular wave outputs, produced by setting an output port to one or zero repeatedly. In current audio terminology, this would be described as 1-bit audio. Telephone quality is 8 bits (or 12 bits if you take into account its non-linear dynamics), CDs are 16 bits and pro-audio interfaces will get you 20 bits or more of resolution. The 8-bit computers make sounds that can be described as varieties of ‘beep’.

A Toolkit for Prototyping Tabletop-Centric Cross-Device Interaction

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Journal Information

Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2020

Zheng Huang, Jun Kong

Developers can present information in different modalities on a smartphone. For example, in an authentication application (See Figure 7), vibration and beep can be used to supplement a visual login form on the smartphone. Vibration and beep alert a user to switch his/her focus from a tabletop to a smartphone.

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Making Sounds with Computer Software

A Toolkit for Prototyping Tabletop-Centric Cross-Device Interaction