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Server-Side Technologies
Published in Akshi Kumar, Web Technology, 2018
Variables are containers for storing information. In PHP, a variable starts with the $ sign, followed by the name of the variable. A variable name must start with a letter or the underscore character. It cannot start with a number and can only contain alpha-numeric characters and underscores (A–z, 0–9, and _). Variable names are case sensitive ($color and $COLOR are two different variables) and cannot contain spaces. PHP has no command for declaring a variable. A variable is created the moment you first assign a value to it. In PHP, a variable does not need to be declared before adding a value to it. It automatically converts the variable to the correct data type, depending on its value. After declaring a variable, the variable can be reused throughout the code. The assignment operator = is used to assign value to a variable.
Preliminaries
Published in Subrata Ray, Fortran 2018 with Parallel Programming, 2019
The assignment operator (=) is used to assign a value to a variable. For example, if a variable first is declared as integer, the variable first is assigned to a value in the following manner: integer :: first…first = 10
Operators, Variables, and Expressions
Published in Amartya Mukherjee, Nilanjan Dey, Smart Computing with Open Source Platforms, 2019
Amartya Mukherjee, Nilanjan Dey
Like other languages, = operator is used as an assignment operator in Python too. Operators such as +=, −=, /=, *=, **=, and //= are also supported. The assignment operator is used to assign not only a single variable value but also multiple variables.
Creating Formal Models from Informal Design Artefacts
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2023
Judy Bowen, Benjamin Weyers, Bowen Liu
We then separate declarations from calculations using the text required by our syntax rules, so steps containing “add”, “is added”, “subtract” or “is subtracted” are calculations, whereas those containing “is”, “are” or “should” are declarations. Declarations are then constructed using the assignment operator “=” and calculations using a predicate convention of “add(A,B)” or “subtract(A,B)”. We follow the same convention for actions, where we take the name of the action as the predicate and apply it to the subject and object, so “A does someAction to B” becomes “someAction(A,B)”. Finally we consider start and end states and use the convention of priming names to indicate the end state. So, in terms of equality for example, “A does not change” becomes “A=A” and for inequality we simply use “A! = B”.
A theoretical framework to accelerate scheduling improvement heuristics using a new longest path algorithm in perturbed DAGs
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2023
Golshan Madraki, Seyedamirabbas Mousavian, Yasamin Salmani
In all algorithms in this paper, the following notation instructions are applied: If the left-hand and right-hand sides of an operator are equal, then the logical operator ‘=’ is used.If the right-hand side of the operator is assigned to the left-hand side, then the assignment operator ‘’ is used.To refer to concepts, Roman letters are used, and to represent variables, Greek letters are used. For instance, to represent the actual length of the longest path to , notation is used, while to store a calculation of the length of the longest path to node , variable is used which may vary during the execution of the algorithm.
Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow Optimization of Titanium Dioxide–Water Nanofluids in a Turbulent Flow Regime
Published in Heat Transfer Engineering, 2020
Mehdi Mehrabi, Seyyed Mohammad Ali Noori Rahim Abadi, Josua Petrus Meyer
The NSGA-II algorithm has different operators that should work together to generate a robust multiobjective optimization technique. The information in the operators including the fast nondominated sorting operator, crowding distance assignment operator, and simulated binary crossover operator, their connections to each other, and flow diagram of the algorithm are given in Refs. [42, 43]. In this study, the condensation heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop are two competing objectives. The objective of the optimization process in this study is to obtain the best design variables to simultaneously maximize the Nusselt number and minimize the pressure drop with respect to the Reynolds number, Prandtl number, volume concentration, and average particle size, which are the design variables.