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Human-robot interaction and robots for human society
Published in Arkapravo Bhaumik, From AI to Robotics, 2018
Chatbots such as ELIZA and ALICE working on Natural language processing (NLP) methods have been very successful in artificial conversation with a human user. Chatbots rely on a set vocabulary to search for particular arrangements of words to detect the psychological state and the intention of the human user. For example, ‘I am not feeling well’ from the human user will prompt artificial empathy from the chatbot with a response like, ‘I am sorry to know that. What bothers you?’. Similarly ‘Isn’t it a nice and bright day today’ from the human user will lead to a more proactive reply from the chatbot, ‘Oh yes, isn’t it lovely weather’.
ChatGPT versus engineering education assessment: a multidisciplinary and multi-institutional benchmarking and analysis of this generative artificial intelligence tool to investigate assessment integrity
Published in European Journal of Engineering Education, 2023
Sasha Nikolic, Scott Daniel, Rezwanul Haque, Marina Belkina, Ghulam M. Hassan, Sarah Grundy, Sarah Lyden, Peter Neal, Caz Sandison
A chatbot is a computer program designed to engage in conversations with humans and provide solutions to their questions (Dahiya 2017). Chatbot technology is not new, with the first known program called ELIZA being developed in 1966, using simple pattern-matching techniques together with a template-based response mechanism (Adamopoulou and Moussiades 2020). Chatbot technology evolved, and a major breakthrough in the technology was made in 1995 with the award-winning program ALICE, combining pattern-matching with artificial intelligence (the ability of machines or computer systems to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence) to provide a natural language user experience (Bani and Singh 2017). The more natural the communication experience, the more likely the user would feel that they are having a real conversation and not a simulated one. Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a subfield of artificial intelligence providing the scaffold that allows chatbot programs to understand one or more human languages (Khanna et al. 2015). One of the next major advancements in the field came through virtual personal assistants like Apple’s Siri in 2011 and Amazon’s Alexa in 2014 (Adamopoulou and Moussiades 2020). These are technologies known by name across much of the world.