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Exploring for deeply buried ore deposits
Published in Natalia Yakovleva, Edmund Nickless, Routledge Handbook of the Extractive Industries and Sustainable Development, 2022
Raymond J. Durrheim, Musa S.D. Manzi, Glen T. Nwaila, Susan J. Webb
In Western Australia, data from deep-penetrating geophysical methods (MT, broadband teleseismic surveys, deep seismic reflection) have been used to image the deep structure and composition of the Yilgarn Craton (Dentith et al., 2018; Tian et al., 2020). Numerous steeply dipping conductive zones that coincide with linear potential field anomalies were mapped and interpreted as deeply penetrating faults; while differences in the P- and S-wave velocity ratio were interpreted to indicate the sutures between major crustal blocks (Figure 7.6).
Oldest syenitic intrusions of the Yilgarn Craton identified at Karari gold deposit, Carosue Dam camp, Western Australia?
Published in Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2023
W. K. Witt, C. Fisher, S. G. Hagemann, M. P. Roberts
Granitic rocks, which dominate the near-surface geology of the Yilgarn Craton, have been subdivided into two major and three minor groups, by Champion and Sheraton (1997). Cassidy et al. (2002) subdivided the groups into supersites and suites. One of the minor groups, named the Syenitic Group, is equivalent to the Gilgarna Supersuite of Witt and Davy (1997a, 1997b). This association comprises alkali-rich, quartz-poor intrusions classified as monzodiorite, syenite, quartz syenite, quartz monzonite and alkali granite. Ferromagnesian minerals are typically clinopyroxene (including aegirine and aegirine-augite) and, in some cases, blueish sodic amphibole (Libby, 1989; Witt & Davy, 1997a). Typical accessory minerals are magnetite, titanite and apatite. The Syenitic Group intrusions are mostly restricted to the Kurnalpi Terrane of the Kalgoorlie-Kurnalpi Rift, in the Eastern Goldfields Superterrane (Figure 1; Witt et al., 2018).
A characterization of rare earth elements in coal ash generated during the utilization of Australian coals
Published in International Journal of Coal Preparation and Utilization, 2023
Jason Palozzi, J.G. Bailey, Q.A. Tran, R. Stanger
There are several studies that report higher than average REE concentrations in sedimentary sequences of the Collie Basin. Davy and Wilson (1989) investigated trace elements in 324 rock samples including coal, shaly coal, and inter-seam sediments within the basin. Compared to other coals around the world, Collie Basin coals were reported to be REE-rich. A shaly coal (21.7% ash) collected within the Chicken Creek Complex represented one of the most mineralized samples, containing Ce, La, and Y concentrations of 3320 ppm, 1850 ppm and 960 ppm, respectively. Trends have been observed in the Collie Basin where the concentration of REEs increase, and alkali earth elements become less prevalent in successively younger seams (Davy and Wilson 1989; Le Blanc Smith 1993). This suggests that the concentration of REEs in coal ashes may be dependent on the coal seam being mined at a given time. The Collie Basin lies within the south-eastern corner of the Yilgarn Craton (~2.8 Ga), which also contains Mount Weld, one of the world’s richest commercial rare earth deposits (Gupta and Krishnamurthy 1992). It is postulated that the higher than average abundance of REEs in Collie Basin sediments can be at least partially attributed to the granitic hinterland of the Yilgarn Craton. Therefore, PS1 and PS2 feed coals were likely enriched with REEs due to the influence of these Archean source rocks (e.g. fractionated granitoids, pegmatites and carbonatites).
Stratigraphy of the Agnew-Wiluna Greenstone Belt: review, synopsis and implications for the late Mesoarchean to Neoarchean geological evolution of the Yilgarn Craton
Published in Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2022
Q. Masurel, N. Thébaud, J. Sapkota, M. C. De Paoli, M. Drummond, R. H. Smithies
The Yilgarn Craton of Western Australia is a key piece of Archean crust on Earth (Figure 1a). It has been divided by Cassidy et al. (2006) into the West Yilgarn (Youanmi, South West and Narryer terranes) and the Eastern Goldfields Superterrane (Kalgoorlie, Kurnalpi, Burtville and Yamarna terranes). Published studies throughout the Kalgoorlie and Kurnalpi terranes have identified, at least locally, fragments of pre-2720 Ma substrate to ca 2720–2690 Ma mafic–ultramafic volcanic rock successions, the latter which were deposited during a major event of crustal growth associated with the Kalgoorlie Large Igneous Province (Figure 1b; Leonora, Baggott, 2006; Jones, 2014; Witt et al., 2001; Wiluna, Dunphy et al., 2003; Gole et al., 2019; Laverton, Austin et al., 2022; Pawley et al., 2012; Standing, 2008; Norseman, Nelson, 1995). Yet, the geological relationships between these segments of older crust and overlying mafic–ultramafic volcanic successions remain poorly understood.