China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Offshore Drilling and Production Platforms/Units
Published in Sukumar Laik, Offshore Petroleum Drilling and Production, 2018
Caisson: In the condeep platforms, the caisson which remains submerged in water is hexagon-shaped and usually consists of 19 vertical, interconnected cylindrical cells with spherical domes at each end (Figure 3.13). Each cell has an outer-shell diameter of 66 ft (20 m) and is more than 164 ft (50 m) in height. The cells provide buoyancy during construction and towing and later serve as oil storage volume. The concrete cell walls are normally constructed by the slip forming method. In this method, concrete is poured into a continuously moving form. In vertical slip forming, the concrete form (cell in this case) may by surrounded by temporary platforms on which workers stand, placing steel reinforcing rods into the concrete and ensuring a smooth pour. Together, the concrete form and working platform are raised by means of hydraulic jacks. Generally, the slip form rises at a rate that permits the concrete to harden by the time it emerges from the bottom of the form.
Chenab Bridge—Constructing the World’s Tallest Railway Bridge
Published in Structural Engineering International, 2023
Giridhar Rajagopalan, Mandar Karnik, Pekka Pulkkinen, Kilian Karius, Shashank Rajbhoj
The total length of the bridge is divided into two parts for design and construction purposes (Fig. 1), i.e. the arch portion of length 785 m and the viaduct portion of length 530 m. The deck is continuous in each portion and special rail and bridge expansion joints are provided at the S10, S70 and S180 locations. The arch portion is on straight alignment. The viaduct portion is partly on straight and curved alignments (circular and transition curves). The arch and piers are composed of hollow steel boxes joined in the field by Geomet® coated High Strength Friction Grip (HSFG) bolts. They were erected with the help of the World’s largest tandem cable crane, which has a cross bar having a capacity of 34 t on a single hook. The piers of the viaduct are composed of hollow rectangular concrete sections and constructed by slip forming. The decks on both the viaduct and arch portions were launched separately and incrementally from both sides.
DFAB HOUSE: implications of a building-scale demonstrator for adoption of digital fabrication in AEC
Published in Construction Management and Economics, 2021
Konrad Graser, Aniko Kahlert, Daniel M. Hall
Built examples of robotically manufactured structures include pavilions by ICD (Institute for Computational Design and Construction) at the University of Stuttgart (Menges and Knippers 2020b, 2020a). Additive construction demonstrators include on-site concrete printing, for example, housing prototypes by ICON 3D and Apis Cor (Valente et al. 2019); 3D printed concrete prefabrication (Xu et al.2020); and metal printing, for example, a footbridge by MX3D (Gardner et al.2020). Specialized technologies include robotic concrete slip-forming (Lloret-Fritschi et al. 2019) and digitally knit tensile formwork (Popescu et al. 2020).