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Intelligent Building and Environmental Controls for Futuristic Smart Cities Powered by Cyber Physical Intelligence
Published in G.R. Karpagam, B. Vinoth Kumar, J. Uma Maheswari, Xiao-Zhi Gao, Smart Cyber Physical Systems, 2020
Rajesh Harinarayan Rajasekaran, Rajkumar Krishnan, Mercy Shalinie Selvaraj
The basic needs for human beings are food, water and shelter. Buildings were initially built for shelter and privacy, and they evolved to achieve other purposes. The main reason for buildings is for shelter, that is to protect ourselves from external climatic conditions and physical threats. Once our physical threats from animals were dealt with, our goal for buildings moved towards “Sophistication/Comfort”. These more sophisticated buildings were then created through innovative architectural designs and the inclusion of basic electronic devices for heating and ventilation, air coolers, plumbing, etc. [1].
Constructs in infrastructure resilience framing – from components to community services and the built and human infrastructures on which they rely
Published in IISE Transactions, 2023
Buildings provide shelter to sustain life and support community services, including, for example, business, manufacturing & production, health care, education, religion, judicial action, law enforcement, fire response, entertainment, shelter, and other necessary or enriching activities. The ability to support these functions depends, too, on access to functioning power, water supply, modes of transportation, and communications, as well as wastewater and sanitation services. Buildings and their supporting lifelines, though, are subject to disruption events that induce damage as might be caused by earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricanes/cyclones, flooding, and other natural occurrences, accidents, engineering and technological failures, and human-induced events of malicious cause. As such, many works in recent years have proposed methodologies for measuring or enhancing infrastructure-related resilience (see Sun et al. (2020) for a recent review). These works focus almost entirely on building or maintaining resilient structures (buildings, roadways, bridges) or civil lifelines. The underlying assumption is that the service that will be provided will be more resilient if the physical buildings and lifelines that support them are resilient.
A Hybrid Decision Support Model for Deploying Humanitarian Operations to Respond to Earthquakes
Published in Engineering Management Journal, 2022
Shaoqing Geng, Hanping Hou, Jianliang Yang
According to the different demands of the victims, there are two main types of shelters: a kind of shelter provides only essential living services, that is, the use of a physical shelter, and the other also provides a basic service but primarily gives medical aid and psychological attention. Joint optimization of the location of emergency facilities, prepositioning of supplies, evacuation of victims, and the distribution of materials guarantees that humanitarian operations are carried out in an orderly and efficient manner under the conditions of limited time and space. The relief materials include the required quantity of durable items such as tents, quilts, and medical equipment, prepositioned in local warehouses.
Structural eco-efficiency: harmonising structural and environmental assessments
Published in European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 2022
Buildings provide daily shelter and comfort to people and should also provide a safe protection to people in case of hazard events. Unfortunately, in case of seismic or other extreme events, it is observed that in many cases buildings are responsible themselves for many causalities. Often this does not happen due to the lack of knowledge and availability of technologies for structural resistance but instead because a proper design and construction were not undertaken, and in this case, poorer locations are naturally more vulnerable to such events.