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Toward Sustainable Design of Landfill Clay Liners
Published in Sheila Devasahayam, Kim Dowling, Manoj K. Mahapatra, Sustainability in the Mineral and Energy Sectors, 2016
A landfill lining system comprises of two major components; liner and the leachate collection network. Figure 19.1 shows a cross section and plan view of a typical landfill single liner with leachate collection and removal system. The leachate collection system helps in removing the leachate out from the landfill and maintains a low hydraulic head on the liner. The landfill liner is the barrier between the waste body and the foundation soil/rock of the waste disposal area. The main objective of the landfill liner is to serve as a hydraulic barrier and minimise migration of leachate in to surrounding hydro-geological system. A liner can consists of either a single layer of compacted clay, geomembranes, geotextiles or composites of soil and geotextile/geomembrane.
Utilization of waste from KMML as landfill liner
Published in Sheela Evangeline, M.R. Rajkumar, Saritha G. Parambath, Recent Advances in Materials, Mechanics and Management, 2019
There are different kinds of waste creating day by day, among them the industrial waste is more harmful to human and environment. So an effective method for the disposal of these wastes is necessary. The traditional ways of waste disposal are open dumping or landfilling. The open dumping leads to environmental and health problems due to leakage of methane and it also cause underground contamination. Proper disposal of these harmful wastes can be done by the use of engineered landfill. The main component of the engineered landfill is the landfill liner. In this study, the suitability of waste from titanium dioxide pigment plant (KMML- Kerala Minerals and Metals Ltd. Kollam) as landfill liner material is studied. The need of a landfill liner is to isolate the waste. The primary purpose of the landfill liner is to isolate the waste material in the landfill from the environment. The transportation of the contaminants to the environment can be prevented by the liner system. Usually, low permeable material is used for the preparation of the liner system. As we all know that as the particle size reduces the specific surface area increases and thus the particles will get more closely packed. So, fine materials are usually used for liner preparation. The most common material used for the liner system is the bentonite which contains the clay mineral montmorillonite. Since it is very fine and having swelling properties it is used as bottom liner material. Not only natural liner material but also synthetic liners can also be used, but due to its durability problem, synthetic liners are least preferred. For a material to be used as a landfill liner it should follow the following conditions.
Impact of glass fibre on hydromechanical behaviour of compacted sand–bentonite mixture for landfill application
Published in European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 2021
Krishanu Mukherjee, Anil Kumar Mishra
Landfilling is a suitable and suggested technique for the dumping of MSW in several countries across the world (Rowe, Quigley, & Booker, 1995; Qian, Koerner, & Gray, 2002). Generally, a compacted mixture of sand and bentonite is used as a landfill liner material. Bentonite works to reduce the movement of contaminants to the adjacent geo-environment and groundwater due to its higher swelling tendency, contaminant adsorption ability and lower hydraulic conductivity. However, bentonite suffers a large interlayer shrinkage when exposed to chemicals resulting in the formation of crack (Quigley, 1993), which leads to an increase in hydraulic conductivity. Dutta and Mishra (2015) investigated the effect of salt concentration on bentonites to study the physicochemical characteristics and indicated that the hydraulic conductivity gets affected prominently for high swelling bentonite in comparison with low swelling bentonite. A desiccation induced moisture variations on the compacted sand–bentonite mixture at a low stress can affect its plastic deformability (Morris, Graham, & Williams, 1992; Rodatz & Oltmanns, 1997) and produce shrinkage cracks (Rayhani, Yanful, & Fakher, 2008). Deformations of landfill material gets initiated by settlement (Maher & Ho, 1994; Scalia, Benson, Albright, Smith, & Wang, 2017) in a landfill due to external and self-loading, which may produce tensile cracks depending on stress levels and materials stability. On the other hand, slope failure of the municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill is strongly related to the shear strength of soil (Benson & Othman, 1993). A review of the literature suggests that the landfill liner material generally possess a very low value of shear strength. Graham, Saadat, Gray, Dixon, and Zhang (1989) conducted high-pressure tests on a saturated mixture of sand and bentonite and reported that the mixtures behave as strain-softening material. They also observed an effective cohesion and effective internal frictional angle of 40 kPa and 14°, respectively. Wan, Graham, and Gray (1990) conducted the triaxial test on compacted sand and bentonite mixture mixed in a proportion of 50:50 to study the strength and constitutive behaviour of the mixture and obtained an ultimate strength of c′= 0 kPa and φ′ = 14° in the pressure range of 0 to 1.5 MPa.