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Summary, synthesis, and conclusions
Published in Carryl L. Baldwin, Bridget A. Lewis, Pamela M. Greenwood, Designing Transportation Systems for Older Adults, 2019
Carryl L. Baldwin, Bridget A. Lewis, Pamela M. Greenwood
Environment outside vehicle and road infrastructure Good lighting should be provided on roads, bridges, walkways, and in intersections.Handrails should be available for pedestrians.Intersections should be designed to avoid or improve safety for left turns (roundabouts, J-intersections, etc.).Countdown displays should be added to crossing signals.Pedestrian refuge islands, road diets, and pedestrian hybrid beacons should be used.
Human-Like Decision Making for Autonomous Vehicles with Noncooperative Game Theoretic Method
Published in Peng Hang, Chen Lv, Xinbo Chen, Human-Like Decision Making and Control for Autonomous Driving, 2023
Peng Hang, Chen Lv, Xinbo Chen
To further study the human-like decision making of AVs in complex driving environment, the urban scenarios are usually investigated, e.g., unsignalized roundabouts. Unsignalized roundabout intersections are usually considered to be more complex and challenging than crossroad intersections, with respect to multi-vehicle interactions [174, 263, 43]. A roundabout is defined as a circular intersection in which all vehicles travel around a circular island at the center with the counter-clockwise direction (driving on the right) [3]. Compared to crossroad intersections, traffic lights are not necessary for roundabouts to control the traffic flow. Therefore, for the entering vehicles, a complete stop may not be required. As a result, the traffic delay can be decreased, and the traffic capacity can be improved [187]. In general, the traffic rules at roundabouts are defined as follows: (1) Circulating vehicles have the priority over entering and merging vehicles; (2) exiting vehicles have the priority over entering vehicles; and (3) large vehicles have the priority over small vehicles. The aforementioned rules are able to bring remarkable advances to the traffic efficiency and safety at roundabouts [176]. Although the above traffic rules can help reduce the traffic conflicts, with the increase of traffic flow, especially during peak hours, congestion and conflicts are inevitable due to different travel objectives, and personalized driving characteristics and driving behaviors of human drivers. Therefore, the complex unsignalized roundabout urban scenario is a great challenge for AVs. Human-like decision making is effective in dealing with the interaction and decision making of AVs in complex conditions.
Factors That Lead to an Early Decline of Road Traffic Fatalities in China
Published in Marcelo M. Soares, Franscisco Rebelo, Advances in Usability Evaulation, 2013
In terms of road infrastructure, to cope with the high traffic volume, intersections in city area are usually controlled with traffic signals. As the traffic flow is regulated to follow certain rules, the risk of traffic fatality is relatively low. Adequate facilities for pedestrians also help in creating a safer traffic environment. In Beijing, there are 420 pedestrian overpasses and 200 underpasses10. The separation of different means of transportation would dramatically reduce the chance of fatal accident as crashes involved with asymmetrical subjects are the most dangerous.
An exploration of the effects of various street lighting conditions on driver behaviors and safety at stop-controlled intersections: A driving simulator experiment
Published in Journal of Transportation Safety & Security, 2023
Hisham Abdu Kunnah, Hany M. Hassan
Bullough et al. (2013) employed a visual performance modeling technique in which data were gathered with the assistance of a computer model and participant engagement. Using AGi32 and Lighting Analyst, driver settings for various circumstances were created. The relative visual performance (RVP) of participants from different age groups was evaluated using the location of approaching traffic relative to the intersection as the variable when the intersection was lit and unlit. There were four types of intersections: urban/suburban signalized, urban/suburban unsignalized, rural signalized, and rural unsignalized. The differences in RVP scores between these types of intersection were 0.73, 1.86, 0.27, and 0.21, respectively. The results demonstrated a positive correlation between intersection lighting and reduced crash rates.
Safety analysis of roundabouts and avoidance of conflicts for intersection-advanced driver assistance systems
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2022
Roundabout, which is spreading all over the world due to the advantages of low maintenance cost, smooth traffic flow, and safe operation, is a kind of flat intersection that rotates around the round traffic island in the center of the intersection without traffic lights and passes through the intersection. The basic principle is to yield to a car driving on a roundabout inside the intersection. However, as the number of roundabouts increases, various roundabouts are constructed according to the conditions of surrounding roads, and special types of accidents caused by inexperienced drivers at roundabouts are also increasing. For beginner driving, that is, early autonomous driving and Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS), more difficulties can be exacerbated than in the case of a four-way intersection. In addition, as the diameter of the central transportation island is reduced and traffic volume increases due to space constraints, collision accidents are increasing, which leads to a reduction in speed, which impedes smooth traffic flow.
Comparative analysis of Bayesian quantile regression models for pedestrian injury severity at signalized intersections
Published in Journal of Transportation Safety & Security, 2021
Xuecai Xu, Xiangjian Luo, Daiquan Xiao, S. C. Wong
Among the pedestrian casualties, intersections accounts for major proportions instead of mid-block segments (Xu, Xie, et al., 2016), thus the good design and capacity of the intersection is an important component of preventing traffic injuries and improving pedestrian safety. Usually a well-designed intersection can help increase the traffic capacity and travel speed, while decreasing the traffic conflicts and the pedestrian injuries. Moreover, most of pedestrian injuries can be controlled and prevented by considering the pedestrian facilities and influencing factors, so it is of significance to identify them and utilize them in practice, especially at well-designed signalized intersections. Therefore, the intention of this study is to identify the influencing factors of pedestrian injury severity at different signalized intersections so as to control the predictable and preventable risks to pedestrians.