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Aortic Valve Endothelium Mechanobiology
Published in Juhyun Lee, Sharon Gerecht, Hanjoong Jo, Tzung Hsiai, Modern Mechanobiology, 2021
Rachel L. E. Adams, Craig A. Simmons
Theoretical estimates of WSS utilize finite element analysis to create models of the aortic valve structure and computational fluid dynamics to capture the dynamics of flowing fluid. Used together, these techniques can model the fluid dynamics within a defined structure, such as the aortic valve, though they lack the impact of the fluid on the structure itself. To reconcile this, fluid-structure interaction (FSI) is a tool developed to calculate the forces acting on a solid, deformable structure, such as the aortic valve, in contact with a flowing fluid, such as blood. This technique accounts for the transfer of momentum between the leaflets and blood flow (i.e., their interaction) [59, 60]. The challenges with this method are the difficulty of constructing an accurate model of the tissue leaflets within the aortic sinus as well as modeling the complexity of physiological blood flow. Fortunately, emerging vascular studies have combined 4D MRI with computational methods to achieve better estimations of WSS of the aorta [61, 62]. Therefore, the tools are available to apply the same methodology for aortic valve WSS determination.
Reduction of computational cost in fluid-structure interaction modelling using piston theory
Published in Alphose Zingoni, Insights and Innovations in Structural Engineering, Mechanics and Computation, 2016
Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) has the potential to be a critical factor in the safety of a structural or vehicle design. The interaction of airflow with structures (Païdoussis et al. 2014), as investigated in wind engineering (Kramer & Gerhardt 1989), typically involves incompressible airflow. Separation-induced oscillation of bridges is an example of such low-speed FSI, which led to the destruction of the Tacoma Narrows bridge in 1940. The typically lightweight structures used in aerospace vehicles are susceptible to both static and dynamic coupling of the structural mechanics with the vehicle aerodynamics, with the interaction typically referred to as aeroelasticity (Fung 2002). Problems in dynamic aeroelasticity often concern the onset of dynamic instability of the structure, termed flutter; nonlinear aeroelastic problems include limit cycle oscillations of the structure.
Smoothed particle hydrodynamics and modal reduction for efficient fluid–structure interaction
Published in Mathematical and Computer Modelling of Dynamical Systems, 2018
Markus Schörgenhumer, Alexander Humer
The interaction of fluids with mechanical systems, commonly known as fluid–structure interaction (FSI), is a well-known subject in the challenging field of multi-physics problems. FSI exists in a wide range of natural phenomena and technical applications, and, therefore, is of significant importance from both the scientific as well as the engineering and industrial perspective. In the most general case, FSI deals with problems involving any kind of fluid – gases, liquids, multi-phase or particulate fluids, or, in a broader sense, even some sort of granular system – in contact with any kind of mechanical system. In practice, however, we can split up these problems into two classes – those which can be simplified and basically treated either as a purely mechanical or fluid–mechanical problem, with certain boundary conditions or additional terms to represent the respective other subsystem, and those which must be tackled in a fully coupled way. The latter ones are in the focus of the present work. Figure 1 shows an exemplary overview of a range of FSI problems.
Dynamic response behind an accident occurred in a main WSS
Published in European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 2018
Mariana Simão, Jesus Mora-Rodriguez, Helena M. Ramos
A finite element model of fluid-structure interaction (FSI), consisting of different types and number of elements at the fluid-structure interface can be considered in a partitioned or simultaneous solver method (Park, 1980). These two models were applied to assess which best represents the incident occurred in a real WSS (Simão, Mora, & Ramos, 2014). This is a case of interaction that can arise in a typical water pipe system during normal operation. The phenomenon behind the transference of forces and momentums between the fluid and pipe wall under unsteady conditions is directly related to the safety, reliability and performance of each system type such as, WSS, hydraulic circuits of power plants or industrial pipelines (Kratz & Ungar, 2003).
Simulation of the fluid-structure interaction of a floating wind turbine
Published in Ships and Offshore Structures, 2019
Bjarne Wiegard, Lars Radtke, Marcel König, Moustafa Abdel-Maksoud, Alexander Düster
In recent years, floating wind turbines (FWTs) have evolved as an attractive alternative to conventional fixed-foundation turbines, which are limited to on- or near-shore areas. FWTs, in contrast, can be installed in greater water depths and are able to harvest the stronger and steadier winds further away from the coast. However, they may also experience significantly higher hydrodynamic forces and accelerations due to their motion in the seaway. In order to ensure their structural integrity and also assess their performance, it is essential to take the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) into account.