China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Conventional systems for urban sanitation and wastewater management in middle- and high-income countries
Published in Thomas Bolognesi, Francisco Silva Pinto, Megan Farrelly, Routledge Handbook of Urban Water Governance, 2023
Management of eutrophication impacts is more complex since it involves the management of suspended solids, organic matter, and nutrients. The environmental impacts of wastewater are closely linked to the chemical composition, specifically the concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and dissolved organic matter, i.e., biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). Nitrogen and phosphorus are key nutrients for plants and are therefore the main causes of eutrophication. BOD is a measure of the amount of dissolved oxygen that will be consumed during microbial decomposition of the organic matter in the wastewater; it is also measured as chemical oxygen demand (COD). Discharging wastewater with high levels of N, P, and BOD/COD into surface waters can result in eutrophication and a corresponding increase in algae and plant growth. The subsequent high organic decomposition rates in eutrophic waters lead to oxygen depletion that endangers fish and other aquatic animals, ultimately resulting in fish kills and water quality degradation. This degradation of water quality and loss of aquatic life can have significant consequences for the natural environment, the biodiversity, and the communities that depend on it for their economic livelihoods.
Glossary of Terms
Published in Louis Theodore, R. Ryan Dupont, Water Resource Management Issues, 2019
Louis Theodore, R. Ryan Dupont
eutrophication: the process by which a body of water becomes enriched in dissolved nutrients (such as phosphates) that stimulate the growth of aquatic plant life usually resulting in the depletion of dissolved oxygen.
Eutrophication and Governance of the Regional Seas
Published in Michael Karydis, Dimitra Kitsiou, Marine Eutrophication A Global Perspective, 2019
Michael Karydis, Dimitra Kitsiou
According to de Jong (2006), the role of science in decision making focuses on three issues: the normative, the structural and the temporal issues. The normative aspect maintains that science is imperative for decision making and management, in spite of any uncertainties due to the highly complicated nature of marine eutrophication due to: (a) the openness of the system (b) the dynamics of physical, chemical and biological processes and (c) the fact that both nutrients and chlorophylls are built-in variables in the natural system and therefore it is difficult to discriminate between natural causes and human-induced nutrient loading (Kitsiou and Karydis, 2011). Generally speaking, the policies to eliminate marine eutrophication are focusing on the reduction of nutrient inputs from terrestrial sources, construction of sewage treatment facilities and encouragement of the farmers to apply good agricultural practices. The structural issue refers to the interfacing between science and policy (Karydis, 2015). Matching science with policy has not been an easy target, although during the last decade communication between the two sides has improved and seems that they understand each other better. This is possibly due to the fact that scientists are more and more getting “politicized” and policy makers are developing technocratic attitudes (Karydis, 2015). Lastly, the temporal aspect refers to the policy life-cycle, in other words how science is influencing matters once it has been incorporated in the policy process.
Phosphorus pollution control using waste-based adsorbents: Material synthesis, modification, and sustainability
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2022
Hongxu Zhou, Andrew J. Margenot, Yunkai Li, Buchun Si, Tengfei Wang, Yanyan Zhang, Shiyang Li, Rabin Bhattarai
In the past decades, with the rapid industrialization and urbanization, excess phosphorus (P) is being discharged into the environment leading to unintended but ecologically and economically costly consequences such as eutrophication (Duprey et al., 2016; Lürling et al., 2016; Zhou et al., 2020). The occurrence of the hypoxic or “dead” zone in the Gulf of Mexico and about 400 other locations worldwide is the most salient example of the damaging effect of eutrophication (Diaz & Rosenberg, 2008; Schindler et al., 2016; Vonlanthen et al., 2012). Orthophosphate, also known as soluble reactive phosphorus, is the key form of P that can be assimilated by plants and the other microbes present in water (Kumar et al., 2019). To curb eutrophication by reducing dissolved reactive P in surface waters, a broad range of strategies such as adsorption (Kelly Vargas & Qi, 2019; Wu et al., 2020), chemical precipitation (Huang, Liu, Zhang, et al., 2017), biological treatment (de Graaff et al., 2020), membrane separation (Nir et al., 2018), and electrochemical process (Kékedy-Nagy et al., 2020) have been developed and employed worldwide.
Copernicus Marine Service Ocean State Report, Issue 5
Published in Journal of Operational Oceanography, 2021
Karina von Schuckmann, Pierre-Yves Le Traon, Neville Smith, Ananda Pascual, Samuel Djavidnia, Jean-Pierre Gattuso, Marilaure Grégoire, Signe Aaboe, Victor Alari, Brittany E. Alexander, Andrés Alonso-Martirena, Ali Aydogdu, Joel Azzopardi, Marco Bajo, Francesco Barbariol, Mirna Batistić, Arno Behrens, Sana Ben Ismail, Alvise Benetazzo, Isabella Bitetto, Mireno Borghini, Laura Bray, Arthur Capet, Roberto Carlucci, Sourav Chatterjee, Jacopo Chiggiato, Stefania Ciliberti, Giulia Cipriano, Emanuela Clementi, Paul Cochrane, Gianpiero Cossarini, Lorenzo D'Andrea, Silvio Davison, Emily Down, Aldo Drago, Jean-Noël Druon, Georg Engelhard, Ivan Federico, Rade Garić, Adam Gauci, Riccardo Gerin, Gerhard Geyer, Rianne Giesen, Simon Good, Richard Graham, Marilaure Grégoire, Eric Greiner, Kjell Gundersen, Pierre Hélaouët, Stefan Hendricks, Johanna J. Heymans, Jason Holt, Marijana Hure, Mélanie Juza, Dimitris Kassis, Paula Kellett, Maaike Knol-Kauffman, Panagiotis Kountouris, Marilii Kõuts, Priidik Lagemaa, Thomas Lavergne, Jean-François Legeais, Pierre-Yves Le Traon, Simone Libralato, Vidar S. Lien, Leonardo Lima, Sigrid Lind, Ye Liu, Diego Macías, Ilja Maljutenko, Antoine Mangin, Aarne Männik, Veselka Marinova, Riccardo Martellucci, Francesco Masnadi, Elena Mauri, Michael Mayer, Milena Menna, Catherine Meulders, Jane S. Møgster, Maeva Monier, Kjell Arne Mork, Malte Müller, Jan Even Øie Nilsen, Giulio Notarstefano, José L. Oviedo, Cyril Palerme, Andreas Palialexis, Diego Panzeri, Silvia Pardo, Elisaveta Peneva, Paolo Pezzutto, Annunziata Pirro, Trevor Platt, Pierre-Marie Poulain, Laura Prieto, Stefano Querin, Lasse Rabenstein, Roshin P. Raj, Urmas Raudsepp, Marco Reale, Richard Renshaw, Antonio Ricchi, Robert Ricker, Sander Rikka, Javier Ruiz, Tommaso Russo, Jorge Sanchez, Rosalia Santoleri, Shubha Sathyendranath, Giuseppe Scarcella, Katrin Schroeder, Stefania Sparnocchia, Maria Teresa Spedicato, Emil Stanev, Joanna Staneva, Alexandra Stocker, Ad Stoffelen, Anna Teruzzi, Bryony Townhill, Rivo Uiboupin, Nadejda Valcheva, Luc Vandenbulcke, Håvard Vindenes, Karina von Schuckmann, Nedo Vrgoč, Sarah Wakelin, Walter Zupa
Eutrophication is the process by which an excess of nutrients (mainly phosphorus and nitrogen) leads to increased growth of plant material in an aquatic body – an issue particularly of relevance in coastal regions and areas with restricted water flow. Eutrophication can be linked to anthropogenic activities, such as farming, agriculture, aquaculture, industry and sewage, and results in decreased water quality through enhanced plant growth (e.g. algal blooms) causing death by hypoxia of aquatic organisms. Oligotrophication is the opposite of eutrophication, where reduction in some limiting resource leads to a decrease in photosynthesis by aquatic plants, which might in turn reduce the capacity of the ecosystem to sustain the higher organisms in it. A new indicator of eutrophic and oligotrophic waters proposed in OSR5 derived from satellite chlorophyll-a data (Section 2.4) showed hardly any localities in the North Atlantic where the eutrophic flag was positive in 2019 (i.e. above the 1993–2017 P90 climatological reference). Oligotrophic flags were positive mostly along coastal waters, but also along scattered points within the 30–40°N latitudes. Waters flagged as eutrophic can be then classified as eutrophication or oligotrophication when the eutrophic state is sustained over several years, such as a significant trend over time. This indicator methodology has been distributed to EuroStat in the context of SDG14.1a eutrophication reporting over the period 1998–2019 for all European Seas.
Recent trends in mountain lake primary production: evaluating the response to fish stocking relative to regional environmental stressors
Published in Lake and Reservoir Management, 2020
Maria Eloisa Sia, Rebecca M. Doyle, Katrina A. Moser
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) inputs to lakes have increased dramatically around the world (Galloway et al. 2008, Mahowald et al. 2008, Stoddard et al. 2016, Mahowald et al. 2017). Such nutrient inputs, as well as climate warming and fish introductions, enhance algal growth and drive lake eutrophication, threatening freshwater ecosystems (Schindler et al. 2001, Smol et al. 2005, Smol 2008). Eutrophication, or excessive primary production, can result in decreased light penetration, lower dissolved oxygen concentrations, loss of biodiversity, more frequent algal blooms, increased toxicity, and fish kills (Schindler et al. 2008). Since eutrophication is caused by multiple drivers working simultaneously and synergistically, reversing the damage of eutrophication is difficult (Jeppesen et al. 2000, Coveney et al. 2005, Søndergaard et al. 2007, Gąsiorowski and Sienjiewicz 2013). Consequently, studies identifying the most important drivers of eutrophication on lakes are urgently needed so lake managers can develop efficient strategies for addressing this problem.