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Earthquake activity
Published in F.G. Bell, Geological Hazards, 1999
The purpose of earthquake forecasting is reduction of loss of life and damage to property (Mogi, 1985). Prediction should attempt to locate the earthquake event and area affected; the time of the event; and its magnitude and the probable distribution of damage. Earthquake prediction involves using studies of historical seismicity and the results of intensive monitoring of seismic and geological phenomena to establish the probability that a given magnitude of earthquake or intensity of damage will recur during a given period of time. Such predictions will help the development of safety measures to be taken in relation to the degree of risk (Table 3.6). In this way, earthquake alerts can be formed in terms of a staged gradation of prediction, from the long term to the immediate (Table 3.7).
Seismic design requirements for reinforced concrete piers considering aftershock-induced seismic hazard
Published in Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, 2018
Chien-Kuo Chiu, I-Hsiang Liao, Wen-Yu Jean
To avoid disastrous losses from earthquakes, the scientific community has already devoted significant effort to developing earthquake forecasting and warning systems, seismic design and retrofit technology and disaster prevention and reduction systems. Generally, the mainshock of an earthquake is generally followed by a number of aftershocks (usually smaller in magnitude) occurring in a limited area (i.e. the aftershock zone) around the epicentre of the mainshock. This sequence of aftershock events can last for months. Although these events are smaller in magnitude than the mainshock, they can still be destructive. The residual seismic capacity of a structure following a large earthquake is calculated according to the mainshock-induced damage levels.