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Published in Frank R. Spellman, Nancy E. Whiting, Environmental Management of Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs), 2007
Frank R. Spellman, Nancy E. Whiting
where: Ar = Area of roof served, ft2.q = Capacity of system, either qg or qd whichever is smallest, ft3/sec.P = 5-minute precipitation for appropriate storm event, inches. Important point: The above procedure is a trial and error process. Different sizes of gutters and downspouts should be evaluated, as well as multiple downspouts, to determine the best gutter and downspout system to serve the roof area involved.
Novel multistage solid–liquid circulating fluidized bed: liquid phase mixing characteristics
Published in Particulate Science and Technology, 2020
Manjusha A. Thombare, Dinesh V. Kalaga, Sandip B. Bankar, Rahul K. Kulkarni, Satchidanand R. Satpute, Prakash V. Chavan
A schematic diagram of the multistage SLCFB is shown in Figure 1. The multistage SLCFB assembly primarily consists of a glass multistage column which was further divided into loading section (1) and regenerating section (2), a bottom solids return pipe connecting the riser and the multistage column at the base (3), a riser column (4), liquid–solid separator (5), and a top solids return pipe connecting liquid–solid separator and the multistage column. The loading and regenerating sections mainly consist of five stages (each having an inner diameter of 100 mm and height of 100 mm) assembled together with flange joints. The loading and regeneration sections were connected to each other by SS pipe having an inner diameter of 10 mm and length of 200 mm, giving total height of 1.40 m. A stainless steel (SS) mesh with openings smaller than the solid particle size was fitted onto SS sieve plates that were sandwiched between every pair of glass stages using adjoining flanges. The holes of 2 mm were provided on each SS sieve plate, providing 5.0% open area for water flow. The solid particles moved across on the stage to the next stage through a downspout, as the liquid flows upward through mesh openings. Two types of SS stages were arranged alternatively in multistage column using a pair of adjoining flanges. For one set of successive stages, first stage consisted of a downspout which was fitted at the center of the stage while the second stage comprised two downspouts located around periphery as circumferential downspouts. The SS pipe having an inner diameter of 10 mm with 75 mm length was used as downspout to encompass weir heights of 25 mm. The schematic of SS stage configuration is given in Figure 2(A).
Building defects in new iconic structures: the technical challenge and the economic impact of restoring the Jubilee Church in Rome
Published in Architectural Engineering and Design Management, 2021
Aside from rain dust, the shells are also affected by mould growing from where the concrete meets the ground. Chemical assessment completed before designing the restoration strategy highlighted that underperformance of the shells’ self-cleaning property only partially causes the substantial rate of soiling and mould on the concrete surface. Another factor is the inadequacy of two construction details framing the shells. The first relates to the water outlet of the glazing roofs built across each shell. As the drop outlets are not connected to any downspout pipe, the water is directly diverted on the concrete surface, causing diffuse stains in that area.