China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Moisture protection and waterproofing
Published in Gary Anglin, Introduction to Estimating, Plan Reading and Construction Techniques, 2019
The NRCA defines damp-proofing as the treatment of a substrate to “resist the passage of moisture”. Waterproofing is defined as the treatment of a substrate or structure to “prevent the passage of water under hydrostatic conditions” (which means the presence of water and water pressure).
Machining of novel AA7075 foams containing thin-walled ceramic bubbles
Published in Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2020
S. Kannan, H. A. Kishawy, S. Pervaiz, K. Thomas, R. Karthikeyan, Ramanathan Arunachalam
Metal matrix closed cell syntactic foams possess low densities, improved specific stiffness, superior energy absorbing capabilities, better vibration damping qualities compared to alloys and monolithic metals.[1–3] This makes them choice of material for several lightweight structural components in automotive, aerospace, and marine applications such as underwater buoyant structures, fire and sound damp proofing, sandwich foam panels etc. It has been shown that these materials can be casted through traditional methods such as stir casting and squeeze/infiltration methods.[4,5] Compared to the open cell foam materials manufactured through gas entrapment, these closed cell syntactic foams show advantages of higher strengths, mechanical properties that are isotropic and their ability to accumulate extensive strains at higher high stresses.[6] Their superior high-strain rate compression and dynamic properties that are suitable for applications in packaging, body armor and automotive applications have also been demonstrated.[7–9]
Prefabrication of substructures for single-detached dwellings on reactive soils: a review of existing systems and design challenges
Published in Australian Journal of Civil Engineering, 2019
Bertrand Teodosio, Kasun Shanaka Kristombu Baduge, Priyan Mendis, David Jeremy Heath
Many on-ground substructures are derived from waffle rafts. For instance, a two-way post-tensioned waffle raft system was designed by Moldovan and Mathe (2016) to decrease the slab thickness and suffice ductility requirements. Other substructures derived from the typical waffle raft have EPS spanning across the entire floor area to provide passive insulation for houses. Marquez (2012) developed modular formwork, which are laid out on the ground and concrete is then poured. Likewise, a PE formwork similar to the shape of the EPS of waffle pods was developed to ease the placement of reinforcing bars, steel mesh and concrete (Kivi 2013). A dome formwork (Figure 4), on the other hand, has a mould with cone support at the middle (O’Grady et. al. 2008). Each dome inter-connects, providing a supplementary damp-proofing for capillary action with impervious liners. Additional reinforced beams or piles are used for sites with reactive soils (Kivi 2013). The site preparation and construction period of these substructures are similar with that of waffle rafts.
Ecological renovation process of Nanjing’s housing stock built between 1840 and 1949, China
Published in Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 2020
Jinxiu Wu, Wei Dong, Yonghui Li, Xiuzhang Fu
Second, most of the buildings were constructed without insulation and damp-proofing treatments. Over time, the walls get very wet and seriously mildewed. According to the field investigation, almost half (48%) of the walls and furniture get seriously mildewed in summer and almost 1/3 (31%) got seriously mildewed in winter.