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Small earth dam failure in Burkina Faso: The case of the Koumbri dam
Published in Jean-Pierre Tournier, Tony Bennett, Johanne Bibeau, Sustainable and Safe Dams Around the World, 2019
The causes of the dam failure and their degradation are generally poor design, bad construction, or associated to the lack of proper maintenance. Teams of qualified engineers from 2010 to 2017 have inspected more than three hundred dams. Ministry diagnostics identified the most frequent degradations: external erosion;Regressive erosion downstream of hydraulics structures (spillways);internal erosion;link to the overtopping of the embankments.
Research on the social impact assessment index system of dam failure risk
Published in Guojun Hong, Gongxun Liu, Liquan Xie, Hydraulic Engineering V, 2018
Weiwei Sun, Zhifei Long, Xiaohang Wang, Lei Li, Mingqing Gan
As dam failure can produce such a huge social impact, it will guide the government, water administrative department, and the reservoir management organization to put more efforts in monitoring and maintaining dams, in order to make effective decisions timely and actively to mitigate the risk. That is, the social impact will in turn affect the decision makers to make efforts to reduce the risk of dam failure.
Spillway Design Flood: Estimation and Selection
Published in R. M. Khatsuria, Hydraulics of Spillways and Energy Dissipators, 2004
Wang (1988) has discussed main provisions relating to the updated approach on selection of safety standards. Accordingly, dams are classified into three categories based on the height (small, intermediate, and large), storage capacity, and the hazard potential of the extent and nature of damage due to dam failure (low, significant, and high).
Enhancing dam safety evaluation using dam digital twins
Published in Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, 2023
Xi Zhu, Tengfei Bao, Justin K. W. Yeoh, Ningxiao Jia, Hui Li
Recently, with the increasing awareness of risk prevention and control in the field of dam engineering, some research has demonstrated the necessity of the transformation of comprehensive dam evaluation mode from the traditional static and passive one to a dynamic and proactive one (Jeon, Lee, Shin, & Park, 2009; Supakchukul et al., 2019; Wu & Su, 2005). Its initiative aims to maintain dynamic information, support continuous condition monitoring of dam structures, achieve efficient decision-making, and finally minimise the risk of dam failure. The new mode of dam safety evaluation is of vital significance for diagnosing potential problems and taking reinforcement measures timely especially when some unpredicted catastrophic floods are coming or a united safety management of dam groups in the same river basin is required (Huang, Li, Hu, Zhang, & Zhao, 2020; Li, Bao, & Fang, 2005).
Drones, virtual reality, and modeling: communicating catastrophic dam failure
Published in International Journal of Digital Earth, 2022
H. R. Spero, I. Vazquez-Lopez, K. Miller, R. Joshaghani, S. Cutchin, J. Enterkine
Additionally, of the 90,500 dams in the US, it is estimated that by 2030 over 60,000 dams will be ‘high hazard,’ meaning their failure could result in the loss of life (ASDSO 2021). Within the US, dam failures have occurred in all 50 states, leading to fatalities and severe life safety consequences (Aureli, Maranzoni, and Petaccia 2021). Moreover, dam failure is one of many hazards that is predicted to be magnified by climate change (Fluixá-Sanmartín et al. 2019). Studies indicate that climate change can increase precipitation levels which can lead to higher inflow into reservoirs, creating increased structural loading that could lead to dam failure (e.g. Fluixá-Sanmartín et al. 2019; Bahls and Holman 2014; Loza and Fidélis 2021; Tabucanon et al. 2021). Because the probability of dam failure and associated flooding hazard risk is increasing, it is essential for the public to understand the associated hazards and for researchers to communicate with citizens and industry professionals. Virtual Reality (VR) offers a 3D method for visualizing geo-referenced data and 2D hydraulic modeling data in an intuitive way using raw UAS data to form an environment for visualizing scientific information for social applications, targeting non-specialist users like students or policymakers.
Application of SPH to Single and Multiphase Geophysical, Biophysical and Industrial Fluid Flows
Published in International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics, 2021
Paul W. Cleary, Simon M. Harrison, Matt D. Sinnott, Gerald G. Pereira, Mahesh Prakash, Raymond C. Z. Cohen, Murray Rudman, Nick Stokes
Dam failure and the resulting extreme flooding can cause infrastructure damage, significant economic cost and often large loss of life. To reduce the impact of such events and to support creation of effective disaster mitigation strategies, estimating evacuation times (Peng and Zhang 2013a, 2013b), inundation extent and time of peak discharge is necessary. This requires a detailed understanding of the dynamics of fluid flow arising for each dam break scenario. However, collection of such hydraulic data through field measurements is almost impossible given the rare and unpredictable nature of these events. Laboratory experiments are limited due to restrictions of physical size, scale-up issues and difficulties in collecting accurate flow measurements. In contrast, simulations can predict detailed dam break flow behaviour over comparatively large spatial and temporal scales. Simulated flow measurement is then readily available. This also has the advantage of allowing efficient exploration of the parameter space of possible collapse scenarios for each specific dam.