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Mesa Verde National Park Visitor Center
Published in Paul W. McMullin, Jonathan S. Price, Masonry Design, 2019
Archeologists believe that the mesa and cliff dwelling sites were likely developed for defensive reasons and protection from the elements. The mesa and cliff dwellers could not be attacked from above and the lofty perches afforded a full view of enemies approaching from below. The steep approaches to the dwelling sites were easy to defend by a variety of means. The south facing cliff dwelling sites took advantage of the winter sun for passive solar heating but were shaded in the summer. The mesa top sites were abandoned as the stone constructed cliff dwelling sites continued to be developed and populated.
Design parameters and control strategies for a combined passive heating and cooling system in Louisville, KY
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Energy, 2019
Adrienne M. Parsons, Keith Sharp
Systems that combine passive heating and passive cooling without the use of active mechanical devices are less common. Some of the first were the cliff dwellings of the Pueblo Indians at Mesa Verde, Colorado. Entire buildings were located under overhangs to block the summer heat, yet were accessible to the warming rays of the winter sun. With the massive heat capacity of the surrounding rocks to provide cooling to ground temperature, they realised the principle of a passive heating and cooling system (Kreider, Curtiss, & Rabl, 2009). Chan, Riffat, and Zhu (2010) offered a review of numerous individual passive systems used for either solar heating or cooling, with a few integrated systems that would both heat and cool. The combined systems gain or trap heat through passive solar energy. The heat from the solar radiation is then absorbed, stored or used to preheat air. For passive cooling, the system generates and channels air flow, thereby removing heat and creating a cooling effect, most commonly by natural ventilation. Examples for combined systems listed in this study included Trombe wall or Trombe-Michel wall, solar chimney and solar roofs. Monghasemi and Vadiee (2018) compiled a review of solar chimneys as a passive strategy for heating and cooling, and concluded that there is a need for additional research on combination systems that would provide thermal comfort in multiple climates. Coma et al. (2016) compared two types of green roofs to a conventional roof in terms of energy consumption for heating and cooling periods, concluding that future work is needed to improve the design of green roof systems to reduce energy consumption during the winter periods.