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Three-dimensional profiler for performance evaluation of chip seals
Published in Eyad Masad, Amit Bhasin, Tom Scarpas, Ilaria Menapace, Anupam Kumar, Advances in Materials and Pavement Performance Prediction, 2018
Satyavati Komaragiri, Angelo Filonzi, Ramez Hajj, Amit Bhasin, Arash Motamed
Chip seal is one of the most common and cost-effective type of pavement surfacing to restore skid resistance of asphalt pavements, protect the existing pavement structure from moisture damage, reduce oxidation of existing pavement due to temperature and air and provide anti-glare surface when the pavement is wet (D. Gransberg et al. 2005, Shuler 1990). Chip seal is constructed by spraying the asphalt binder or emulsion onto the existing asphalt pavement and then dropping the aggregate chips into the asphalt binder or emulsion (NCHRP Report 680 2011). Single chip seal is the most common type of seal coat that consists of a spray application of asphalt binder or emulsion layer followed by a uniform one stone thick layer of coarse aggregates (NCHRP Report 680 2011).
Maintenance and Rehabilitation of Pavements
Published in Rajib B. Mallick, Tahar El-Korchi, Pavement Engineering, 2017
Rajib B. Mallick, Tahar El-Korchi
Chip seal: A chip seal consists of an application of asphalt binder or rapid-setting emulsion followed with an application of aggregate layer (Figure 20.6). If multiple layers are used (such as double or triple seal coats), finer gradations are used in each successive layer. Precoated aggregates could also be used, and one-size aggregates are often used. Compaction of the aggregate layer is required by a steel-wheeled or rubber-tired (preferred) roller. The minimum pavement temperature for the use of a chip seal is 15°C. Chip seals can be used as only wearing layers in pavements with light traffic. If aggregates are not properly embedded, windshield damage can result. A rubberized chip seal contains ground tire rubber in addition to the usual components of a chip seal. Better resistance against climate-and traffic-induced stress is obtained in this seal, as well as resistance against reflective and minor fatigue cracks. It is referred to as a stress-absorbing membrane (SAM) or stress-absorbing membrane interlayer (SAMI) when used underneath an HMA overlay.
Quality control tool for asphalt emulsion-based chip seal curing times
Published in Andreas Loizos, Imad L. Al-Qadi, A. (Tom) Scarpas, Bearing Capacity of Roads, Railways and Airfields, 2017
M.A. Montoya, J.E. Haddock, W.J. Weiss
In order to deliver reliable and durable chip seal projects, transportation officials must rely on chip seal best practices. By implementing sound construction techniques, chip seal average life expectancy, which is typically between 6 to 8 years, can be prolonged to 12 or even 15 years (Cole & Wood, 2014). Chip seal best practices have been identified as a set of maintenance policies, design specifications, and construction techniques that determine the service life of a chip seal project. Gransberg & James (2005) grouped chip seal best practices into four main categories: (1) contract administration, warranties, and performance measures, (2) pavement selection, design, and material selection, (3) construction and, (4) chip seal equipment and, quality assurance and quality control.
Multi-objective optimization of pavement preservation strategy considering agency cost and environmental impact
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 2021
Israa Al-Saadi, Hao Wang, Xiaodan Chen, Pan Lu, Abbas Jasim
This study focused on pavement preventive preservation treatments that are mainly used to relieve functional distresses of pavement and retard pavement deterioration. Three typical preservation treatments were considered in this study: crack seal, chip seal, and thin overlay. Crack seal is conducted by filling cracks with crack sealant that is typically some form of rubberized asphalt or polymer modified asphalt. It is used to to fill pavement cracks to prevent infiltration of moisture and other incompressible materials such as dirt or sands in existing cracks and is expected to extend the service life of pavement. Chip seal is a pavement surface treatment that typicaly combines one or more layers of asphalt emulsion sprayed on the surface and one or more layers of fine aggregate compacted by a roller. Chip seals are typically used on low volume road to provide mositure barrier and good skid resistance. Thin overlay is usually applied with a thin layer, typically from 0.5 inches to 2 inches, of hot-mix asphalt (HMA). It is assumed to improve ride quality, reduce pavement distresses, correct surface defects, and extend pavement life.
Chip sealing macro texture performance evaluation using split-plot repeated measures
Published in Road Materials and Pavement Design, 2021
One of the most commonly used preservation techniques is chip seal, which is expected to prolong the pavement life up to 7 years (Pidwerbesky, Waters, Gransberg, & Stemprok, 2006). Chip seal is the application of asphalt binder (hot applied or emulsified), followed by the application of a single layer of aggregates – typically one stone thick, which is then rolled into the asphalt (Gransberg & James, 2005). Chip seal application has many advantages including texture improvements, filling and sealing cracks, providing an anti-glare surface, and increasing reflective surface under wet weather or nighttime conditions (WSDOT, 2015). The primary purpose of chip seals is to protect the pavement surface from weathering factors such as: sun, water and traffic while providing satisfactory texture to the roadway surface (Ahammed & Tighe, 2008; Asphalt Institute, 2009; Roberts & Nicholls, 2008; Zaman, Pittenger, Gransberg, Bulut, & Commuri, 2014).
FEM SEAL-3D: development of 3D finite element chip seal models
Published in International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 2020
Johan Gerber, Kim Jenkins, Francois Engelbrecht
It is a thin layer and has four predominant mechanisms of distress: surface cracking, aggregate loss, aggregate polishing and bleeding (Gransberg and James 2005). Bleeding is due to aggregate embedment and results in surface texture loss. This distress mechanism, if encountered, manifests early on in the chip seal’s service life as appose to aggregate polishing, which also results in surface texture loss, but more towards the final stages of service life. Aggregate loss, if encountered, occurs predominantly directly after construction and is adversely enhanced by inclement weather and cold conditions, which stifles binder–aggregate bond formations. Binder oxidation, results in binder hardening and ultimately surface cracking. Once a chip seal has endured its first season and has settled, surface cracking is inevitable and a great danger to the pavement structure, since cracks allow moisture ingress into the pavement structure which results in potholing and structural damage.