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Environmental Fate Models, with Emphasis on Those Applicable to Air
Published in James N. Seiber, Thomas M. Cahill, Pesticides, Organic Contaminants, and Pathogens in Air, 2022
James N. Seiber, Thomas M. Cahill
CALPUFF is an advanced, integrated Lagrangian puff modeling system for the simulation of atmospheric pollution dispersion (Table 5.5). Unlike steady-state Gaussian models such as AERMOD, CALPUFF allows variable/curve plume trajectories, variable meteorological conditions, accurate treatment of calm hours and low wind speed conditions, while retaining information of previous hours’ emissions. Since CALPUFF is the preferred model for >50 km long-range transport, one case study used the model to predict the plume shape and concentrations of tracers (e.g., perfluorocarbons and SF6) 100 and 600 km downwind of a release point (Irwin, 1998). Overall, CALPUFF-generated plume shapes compared well with what were measured using arcs of samplers. However, the centerline of the modeled plumes was offset from the measured plumes by as much as 17°. Modeled centerline concentrations at 100 km were 1.5–2.0 times greater than the measured concentrations (e.g., 1.05 ppt [actual] vs. 1.80 ppt [model]). At 600 km, the modeled centerline concentrations were less than the measured values, but both were the same order of magnitude (e.g., 0.38 ppt [actual] vs. 0.13 ppt [model]).
Transportation, Energy, And The Environment
Published in Dušan Teodorović, The Routledge Handbook of Transportation, 2015
To estimate the concentration (i.e., the amount in terms of mass or volume of a pollutant per unit volume of air) of pollutants in ambient air, dispersion models are used. A dispersion model uses input data that involve three main categories: data pertaining to the source of pollution (e.g., coordinates and emission rates), the meteorology (stability, wind speed/direction, mixing height, and ambient temperature), and each receptor, which can be either a point or an area (grid of points, e.g., coordinates and elevation). The sources of pollution can be considered point, line, area or volume, and the emission releases continuous or instantaneous. Transportation-related sources are near surface and the associated releases are instantaneous. On-road transportation sources are a typical example of line sources and are commonly modeled with the US EPA recommended models CALPUFF (for long-range emission transport and complex terrain), CALINE, and CAL3QHC. AERMOD is also recommended by the US EPA but it does not explicitly simulate line sources (US Environmental Protection Agency, 2015).
Application of an integrated Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)/CALPUFF modeling tool for source apportionment of atmospheric pollutants for air quality management: A case study in the urban area of Benxi, China
Published in Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 2018
Hao Wu, Yan Zhang, Qi Yu, Weichun Ma
The CALPUFF model is an advanced non-steady-state meteorological and air quality modeling system (Abdul-Wahab et al. 2010; Macintosh et al., 2010; Zhou et al., 2003). It has been adopted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic of China (MEPC) as the preferred model for assessing the long-range transport of pollutants and their impacts on Federal Class I areas and on a case-by-case basis for certain near-field applications involving complex meteorological conditions (EPA, 2008). Compared with other models, CALPUFF is widely applicable, open-source, and has powerful simulation capabilities under non-steady-state conditions and in situations with complex terrain (Scire et al., 2000; Wang et al., 2006).
Grid computing method for atmospheric environmental capacity coupled with ventilation coefficient using CALPUFF simulation and GIS spatial analysis technology
Published in Environmental Technology, 2022
Tianxin Li, Xingyu Chen, Xiugui Wang, Likai Zhao, Xingchen Zhou, Anni Zou, Harrison Odion Ikhumhen
The concentrations of air pollutants need to be calculated first for evaluating atmospheric environmental capacity. The calculation methods include the Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling (ADMS) [5], California Puff Dispersion Modelling (CALPUFF), AMS/EPA Regulatory Model (AERMOD) [6,7], Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System (CMAQ) [8], Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions (CAMx) [9] and Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) [10] model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) [11]. Among these methods, CALPUFF is an advanced non-steady-state meteorological model that has been successfully applied on local and regional scales to conduct air pollutant dispersion simulations of the complex terrain [12].
A multi-criteria analysis framework including environmental and health impacts for evaluating traffic calming measures at the road network level
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 2019
Shinhye Joo, Gunwoo Lee, Cheol Oh
Air dispersion simulations are used to identify the concentration levels of vehicle emissions. This type of simulation can estimate pollutant concentrations emitted from vehicles, and the estimated concentrations can be compared with ambient air quality standards provided by central or local governments. Emission rates and meteorological data such as wind speed and direction are required to conduct air dispersion simulations. CALPUFF is used in this study as a simulation tool for analyzing air quality. Figure 1 shows the sequential implementation process of simulation experiments in the proposed evaluation framework.