Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Irrigation Projects in India
Published in A. Zaman, Md. Hedayetullah, Sustainable Water Resource Development and Management, 2022
With this view of the present and past water utility scenario, the policy reforms are very much needed. The new dimension of water utility should be present in judicious manner and it should also reform. Water use efficiency may increase with the introduction of appropriate water-saving technologies. Hence, it is needed that an integrated water use policy is formulated and judiciously implemented. Many international initiatives on integrated water use policy formulation and judicious implementation were taken in recent years.
Commercial, Institutional, and Industrial Water Use
Published in Abbas Yari, Saeid Eslamian, Faezeh Eslamian, Urban and Industrial Water Conservation Methods, 2020
To ensure strategies, optimize water, and minimize costs, evaluating water use and setting goals are essential. Identifying opportunities to improve the water use efficiency of processes usually involves the deployment of different water management strategies such as water audits, process integration, and the use of advanced water treatment technologies. Water management strategies provide useful insights into any possible process changes that may lead to an increase in water use efficiency and eventually water savings. A water audit is carried out to measure the quantity and quality of water inputs and outputs within a defined boundary, consisting of a single process or set of processes assumed to be operating at a steady state. One of the most useful outcomes of a water audit is the creation of a water flow diagram – an easy to understand representation of usually complex process systems. A water flow diagram offers an idea of how much water is being used by each process, including the volume and quality of the wastewater being generated (Aganda et al. 2013).
Water Conservation Techniques
Published in Saeid Eslamian, Faezeh Eslamian, Handbook of Drought and Water Scarcity, 2017
Meysam Malekian Jabali, Saeid Okhravi, Saeid Eslamian, Saeed Gohari
Water audits should begin by identifying the categories of water use for the large-volume users. These may include process, sanitary, domestic, heating, cooling, outdoor, and other water uses. Second, a water audit should identify areas in which overall water-use efficiency can be improved through alternative technologies or practices. Audits of irrigation practices can provide large-volume commercial, industrial, and public users with information about usage and usage reduction techniques. These audits can be used in conjunction with irrigation submetering and other landscaping efficiency practices. Effective audit programs that employ water-saving processes can save 10%–20% of general industrial water usage. The same amount of savings can also be found for large landscape water audits.
A new water management model and the role of IWRA in water disputes
Published in Water International, 2021
Finding solutions to these complex issues, for which water lies at the centre of a set of interacting systems, requires the development of analytical tools to quantify the interactions and assess the impact of interventions on them, for both water and the other systems. The WEF Nexus Tool 2.0 (WEF = water–energy–food) is one such analytical tool: it helps users define intervention scenarios and quantify interactions, enabling them then to assess trade-offs and identify sustainable scenarios to recommend based upon user preferences and feedback (Daher & Mohtar, 2015). Solutions may come from within or outside of the water sector, and they may involve a portfolio of technological, social and policy dimensions. As an example: improving water-use efficiency in agriculture allows more water for other sectors and can ease some of the stresses on the water system (Daher et al., 2019).
Water security and the pursuit of food, energy, and earth systems resilience
Published in Water International, 2018
Christopher A. Scott, Tamee R. Albrecht, Rafael De Grenade, Adriana Zuniga-Teran, Robert G. Varady, Bhuwan Thapa
Improving water-use efficiency and using water supplies of various qualities can help optimize water allocations and free up higher-quality supplies for higher-value or more appropriate uses, such as drinking water. Because irrigated agriculture accounts for 80% of global water use to produce 40% of global food supplies (Molden et al., 2010; Rosegrant et al., 2009), improving irrigation efficiency can significantly expand water supplies for food production and reduce energy requirements for water extraction and conveyance. However, while irrigation-technology improvements can potentially alleviate water stresses in water-scarce regions, some of these technologies, such as drip irrigation, consume more energy than conventional flood irrigation methods (Siddiqi & Anadon, 2011). As supplies of freshwater become increasingly limited, the use of saline water, such as treated wastewater and brackish groundwater, will be increasingly important for use in energy-production processes (Scott & Sugg, 2015). But increasing water supplies through tertiary-level wastewater treatment or desalination has its own trade-offs, due to the energy requirements for collection, treatment and redistribution (Hussey & Pittock, 2012; Yillia, 2016). Further, reducing water needs for energy production is complicated. While new technologies for thermoelectric plants, such as closed-loop systems, withdraw less total water, more water is put to consumptive uses (Sovacool & Sovacool, 2009).
Financial performance of India’s irrigation sector: a historical analysis
Published in International Journal of Water Resources Development, 2018
Along with higher water rates and other reform measures, water auditing was also introduced. The main objective of the water auditing was to have a proper accounting of water use in various sectors to reduce unaccounted-for water and to increase the revenue of the government. Water auditing on all major projects in the state was made mandatory, as underlined in the Maharashtra State Water Policy of 2003 (GOM, 2003). Water auditing helps compare actual water use efficiency against planned water use efficiency (in ha/Mm3), as well as the losses of water from each system. Since water use has to be accounted for in each system under water auditing, there was tremendous pressure on the system managers to report the area under irrigation precisely, which had not been done earlier. In fact, the initiation of water auditing in the state substantially increased water use efficiency in canal irrigation, from 96 ha/Mm3 in 2000–01 to 118 ha/Mm3 in 2005–06 (Table 6). The increase in area under irrigation must also have increased gross receipts. All these clearly suggest that Maharashtra State was able to achieve a huge increase in financial recovery through all-round reforms in the irrigation sector.