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Activated Sludge System
Published in Gaetano Joseph Celenza, Industrial Waste Treatment Process Engineering, 2019
Although loading rate can be used for process definition, SRT is a preferable criterion to define activated sludge system operating and design conditions. Because it is difficult to measure the quantity of microorganism required to define the F/M ratio, volatile suspended solids (VSS) concentration is usually assumed a direct measure of this quantity. The SRT minimizes the microorganism measure limitation, making the VSS mass a reliable parameter, as seen by the definition: SRT=f⋅VSSstoredf⋅VSSwasted=VSSstoredVSSwasted
Environmental and Health Effects Due to the Usage of Wastewater
Published in Mu Naushad, Life Cycle Assessment of Wastewater Treatment, 2018
Ponnusamy Senthil Kumar, G. Janet Joshiba
During the dissipation of wastewater at 103°C–105°C, some aggregate solid substances are deposited as residual debris. Wastewater c ontains suspended, volatile suspended, and dissolved solids. Suspended solids increase the turbidity of the wastewater, but they can be easily removed by subjecting the wastewater to a filtration process. The other form of solids present in wastewater is volatile suspended solids, which are made up of organic compounds such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. They can easily be ignited at high temperature and affect the oxygen concentration of the water resources. Settleable solids are another component of the wastewater, which can be removed only by a sedimentation process. Most of the suspended solids are settleable in nature, and a certain concentration of dissolved solids is also present in the wastewater, which alters the characteristics of the wastewater (Muttamara, 1996).
Biological stabilisation of sludge
Published in Bhola R. Gurjar, Vinay Kumar Tyagi, Sludge Management, 2017
Bhola R. Gurjar, Vinay Kumar Tyagi
Since successful operation of this biological process depends on maintaining a careful balance in the system ecology, it is important to be able to measure the variable biomass in the system. Bacterial concentrations in wastewater treatment processes are often estimated based on the volatile suspended solids (VSS) concentration. However, since the primary sludge fed to the anaerobic sludge digester contains large amounts of volatile particulate material, VSS measurements, include both the available substrate concentration and the bacterial cell mass. To interpret VSS data from anaerobic sludge digesters, one must account for the various particulate fractions included in the VSS measurements, viz. VSS originally present in the particulate feed, VSS produced during digestion after bacterial growth, VSS destroyed during digestion, and inert residual volatile solids that accumulate after cell death.
Activity of preserved anaerobic sludge
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2020
Anna Doloman, Ronald C. Sims, Charles D. Miller
The preserved sludges were characterized by two main aspects: (1) changes in the methanogenic activity, and (2) changes in the VSS/TSS ratio. Some studies also tackled the changes in the morphology of the microorganisms and granular structures.[1,2] Methanogenic activity, or specific methanogenic activity (SMA), is generally tested on hydrogen or acetate as a substrate for hydrogenotrophic and acetoclastic methanogens, respectively. The SMA testing procedure was first introduced in 1983[6] and later adapted as a standard procedure in many laboratories. Changes in the VSS/TSS ratio are usually indicative of the changes in the biological digestion rates of the tested substrate and are used to assess aging of the sludge.[7]