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Regulation and environmental health governance
Published in Stephen Battersby, Clay's Handbook of Environmental Health, 2016
The principle of proportionality requires that regulation must be proportional to the risk or problem to be addressed. This principle has been discussed in relation to choice of regulatory instruments. If a given problem can be effectively addressed either by information regulation or regulation of conduct, the principle of proportionality requires that the least intrusive and less costly of the two must be used. The principle of transparency is a requirement that regulatory standards and process must be open, simple and user friendly. The principle of consistency is a principle of certainty and predictability of regulatory outcomes. Regulatory interventions must also be targeted in the sense that they must be focused on the problem with minimal side effects. And, finally, regulators must be accountable, directly or indirectly, to the public. There are a number of instruments that can be used to reflect the above principles and achieve the underlying objectives.
SME Performance Through Blockchain Technologies
Published in Journal of Computer Information Systems, 2023
Sandip Rakshit, Anand Jeyaraj, Tripti Paul
Transparency is described as the flow of information or openness that allows SMEs access to information about an organization’s operations and products unless the information is relevant to an individual’s privacy.63 Transparency has both wide and restricted implications in the social science literature. In a nutshell, it is a technique for looking at how an organization works, intending to reduce waste and ensure efficiency.64 Transparency, in the broader sense, refers to a collaborative approach and is an important component of organizational learning.65,66 Transparency is frequently viewed as a prerequisite for trust, legitimacy, and reputation, with various stakeholders expecting firms to share information about their products, manufacturing processes, suppliers, decisions, and decision-making processes.67 Transparency in organizations is predicated on the notion that organizations should be more transparent and answerable to the people. Transparency inside an organization refers to the accessibility and comfort individuals can express their unhappiness with their organization’s incapacity to execute strategies and make key decisions.