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Effect of Geology and Human Activities on the Distribution of Trace Elements in Water, Sediment, and Aquatic Biota, Yakima River Basin, Washington (1987 to 1991)
Published in Antonius Laenen, David A. Dunnette, River Quality, 2018
Gregory J. Fuhrer, Stuart W. McKenzie, Joseph F. Rinella, Kenneth A. Skach
Chemical analyses for Al, Ca, inorganic carbon, total carbon, Fe, Mg, P, K, Na, S, Ti, Sb, As, Ba, Be, Bi, B, Ca, Ce, Cr, Co, Cu, Eu, Ga, Au, La, Pb, Li, Mn, Hg, Mo, Nd, Ni, Nb, Sc, Se, Ag, Sr, Th, Sn, U, V, Yb, Y, and Zn were made according to Arbogast (1990). Most elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (1CP-AES). Total digestion decomposition methods used prior to ICP-AES analyses required a combination of HF/HClO4/HNO3 acids. As and Sb were determined by hydride generation with atomic adsorption spectrometry (AAS); Hg was determined by a cold-vapor technique with AAS. Total carbon was determined as carbon dioxide after combustion and was measured by infrared titration.
Monitoring and Analysis
Published in David H.F. Liu, Béla G. Lipták, Wastewater Treatment, 2020
In addition to measuring the oxygen demand biologically (by bacteria), environmental engineers can measure it chemically; this demand is called COD. Environmental engineers also measure the carbon content of the effluent using total carbon analyzers or total organic carbon analyzers.
Profiling of plants at petroleum contaminated site for phytoremediation
Published in International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2018
Raymond Oriebe Anyasi, Harrison Ifeanyichukwu Atagana
The carbon content of the root tissue was determined by using a total organic carbon analyzer (model SSM 5000A, Shimadzu), which uses a catalytic combustion at a high temperature with an oxide of cobalt to determine total carbon. The flow of oxygen converts the carbon into gaseous carbon dioxide, which is then detected at an IR detector. Inorganic carbon is measured with purged nitrogen before being converted to carbon dioxide gas with the help of phosphoric acid. Total organic carbon is calculated from the difference between total carbon and inorganic carbon.