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Materials
Published in Sumit Sharma, Composite Materials, 2021
Titanium alloys that are most useful in metal matrix composites are α, β alloys (e.g., Ti-6Al-9V) and metastable β-alloys (e.g., Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al). These titanium alloys have higher tensile strength-to-weight ratios as well as better strength retentions at 400°C–500°C in comparison with aluminum alloys. The thermal expansion coefficient of titanium alloys is closer to that of reinforcing fibers, which reduces the thermal mismatch between them. One of the problems with titanium alloys is their high reactivity with boron and Al2O3 fibers at normal fabrication temperatures. Borsic (boron fibers coated with silicon carbide) and silicon carbide (SiC) fibers show less reactivity with titanium. Improved tensile strength retention is obtained by coating boron and SiC fibers with carbon-rich layers.
Sensor monitoring of titanium alloy machining
Published in Diego Carou, J. Paulo Davim, Machining of Light Alloys, 2018
Roberto Teti, Alessandra Caggiano
In the last years, new titanium alloys have been developed to achieve weight savings in diverse applications, especially in the aerospace sector. The most widely employed Ti alloys are the alpha (α), beta (β), and alpha/beta (α/β) Ti-6Al-4V. The β tempered Ti-6Al-4V alloy, with high performance in terms of damage tolerance, is generally selected for a number of applications such as underwing fittings, landing gear beams, centre wing box structures, etc. Ti-3Al-2.5V titanium sheets, which display elevated formability, are employed for producing anticrash structure components. The Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al alloy has been utilized to replace the high-strength 4340M alloy steel in landing gears of the Boeing 777 aircraft, while Ti-5Al-5V-5Mo-3Cr (Ti-5553), which is the new-generation high-strength β titanium alloy, has been utilized in the Boeing 787, as it represents a promising material for advanced structural and landing gear applications, with higher mechanical properties compared with the traditional Ti-6Al-4V alloys (Arrazola et al. 2009; M’Saoubi et al. 2015).
From titanium ore extraction and processing to its applications in the transportation industry — an overview
Published in CIM Journal, 2023
C. Siemers, F. Haase, L. Klinge
The largest consumer of CP-Ti and Ti alloys in the transportation sector is the aerospace industry, in which demand continuously increases (Peters & Leyens, 2002). In modern aircrafts, the amount of Ti (mainly applied in the airframe structures and aircraft engines) can reach 15% of the airplane weight. For example, 14% of the aerostructure of the Airbus A350–900 XWB and 15% of the Boeing 787 are made of Ti. In addition, 25% of the GE CF6 aeroengine consists of Ti alloys (Shokrani, Al-Samarrai, & Newman, 2019). A typical buy-to-fly ratio for the aerospace industry is 6:1 and can be as high as 20:1 for some complex aeroengine parts (Shokrani et al., 2019). Typical alloys used for airframe structures are Ti-6Al-4V, a medium-strength (α+β)-alloy applied in fuselage frames or fasteners, and Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al and Ti-5Al-5V-5Mo-3Cr, both high-strength metastable β-alloys mainly used in the landing gear components. In aircraft engines, fan components (e.g., blades and discs) are made of Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo (a β-rich (α+β)-alloy), or Ti-5Al-2Sn-2Zr-4Mo-4Cr (Ti-17, a metastable β-alloy). Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo and Ti-17 are primarily used as fan discs at higher strength levels in some modern, larger aircraft engines (Williams & Boyer, 2020), whereas Ti-6Al-4V can be found in several fans of small- and medium-sized commercial aircraft engines.