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Genomic analysis of selenoproteins and the expression levels in patients with Kashin-Beck disease
Published in Gary Bañuelos, Zhi-Qing Lin, Dongli Liang, Xue-bin Yin, Selenium Research for Environment and Human Health: Perspectives, Technologies and Advancements, 2019
R.Q. Zhang, D. Zhang, X.L. Yang, D.D. Zhang, Z.F. Li, B.R. Li, Q. Li, C. Wang, X.N. Yang, Y.M. Xiong*
RT-qPCR results showed that mRNA levels of SELENOS, TXNRD1, TXNRD2, and TXNRD3 in PBMCs of KBD patients were decreased compared with controls. Selenoproteins are known to be involved as an antioxidant, anti-tumor, have anti-heavy metal properties, and also show an excellent regulation effect on immune response and hormone levels. Studies have shown that SELENOS may regulate the redox balance of cells by virtue of its reductase activity (Qazi et al. 2018). SELENOS can effectively eliminate the level of oxygen free radicals in cells, reduce the damage of cells, and protect the normal physiological functions of cells and organisms. Experiments showed that the cytoplasmic region of SELENOS has thioredoxin (TXNRD)-dependent reductase activity, and both of them play an alternate oxidation-reduction-oxidationreduction process in the redox process. The thioredoxin (Trx) system is important to the survival ability of cells. Recently, increasing evidence has shown that mammalian thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) is a promising therapeutic target in terms of anti-oxidation, anti-tumor, and anti-apoptosis in some diseases (Liu et al. 2019). In KBD, TrxRs show an ability to protect the apoptosis of articular chondrocytes due to its biological functions.
Delftia lacustris under aerobic conditions
Published in Shrutika Laxmikant Wadgaonkar, Novel bioremediation processes for treatment of seleniferous soils and sediment, 2018
Selenium is an essential trace element in living organisms. It is an important constituent of about 25 known selenoproteins including glutathione peroxidase, thioredoxin reductase, iodothyronine deiodonase and plays an important role in intracellular signaling and redox homeostasis in higher organisms (Huawei, 2009). In spite of its essential requirement and beneficial health effects at low dietary uptake (40 μg d−1), selenium has been listed as a priority pollutant (US EPA) because of its potential bioaccumulation (even at concentrations as low as 5 μg l−1) and associated toxicity (Tan et al., 2016). Selenium toxicity is associated with hair and nail loss and disruption of the nervous and digestive systems in humans and animals (Rayman, 2012; Tinggi, 2008).
Skin image analysis for vitiligo assessment
Published in Ahmad Fadzil Mohamad Hani, Dileep Kumar, Optical Imaging for Biomedical and Clinical Applications, 2017
Ahmad Fadzil Mohamad Hani, Hermawan Nugroho, Norashikin Shamsudin, Suraiya H. Hussein
Theories concerning the cause of vitiligo have concentrated on four different mechanisms: autoimmune, autocytotoxic, neural and genetic (Tonsi, 2004). In autoimmune theory, the extent of skin depigmentation is correlated with the incidence and level of antibodies against melanocytes. It is found that there is increased occurrence of vitiligo in certain autoimmune diseases such a thyroid disease (Hashimoto thyroiditis and Graves disease), Addison disease, pernicious anaemia, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and alopecia areata. In autocytotoxicity theory, it is reported that an intermediate or metabolic product of melanin synthesis causes destruction of melanocytes. A second mechanism by which autocytotoxicity occurs is through the inhibition of thioredoxin reductase enzyme. In neural theory, it is believed that a neurochemical mediator destroys melanocytes or inhibits melanin production. In genetic theory, melanocytes have an inherent abnormality that impedes their growth and differentiation in conditions that support normal melanocytes.
Actinomycetes mediated microwave-assisted synthesis of nanoselenium and its biological activities
Published in Particulate Science and Technology, 2023
V. R. Ranjitha, V. Ravishankar Rai
Selenium (Se) is a nutritive trace element in the diet that is required for the proper growth and maintenance of health (Vahdati and Moghadam 2020). Selenium can be found in the living system of plants and animals in the form of selenoproteins that plays a vital role in the synthesis of various selenoenzymes such as glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase (Ranjitha and Rai 2021). Se, in its nano form, has attracted considerable attention than bulk materials in recent decades owing to its least toxicity and bioavailability (Hosnedlova et al. 2018). Compared to bulk selenium elements, selenium nanoparticles are known to upregulate the selenoenzymes activity thereby reducing toxicity (Nayak et al. 2021). Several studies have demonstrated the capability of nano selenium to exhibit diverse biological applications such as antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity, antibiofilm activity, anticancer activity, etc. (Hosnedlova et al. 2018; Zambonino et al. 2021). It is known that the intervention of Se results in decreasing the carcinogenic effect of all cancer forms and can also prevent metastasis and progress of cancer (Vahidi, Barabadi, and Saravanan 2020).
Selenium in soil-microbe-plant systems: Sources, distribution, toxicity, tolerance, and detoxification
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2022
Anamika Kushwaha, Lalit Goswami, Jechan Lee, Christian Sonne, Richard J. C. Brown, Ki-Hyun Kim
For E. coli, thioredoxin is reduced by thioredoxin reductase (TR) in the presence of NADPH (Jorstedt et al., 1995). The reduced thioredoxin interacts with selenodiglutathione to form oxidized thioredoxin, selenopersulfide anion, and reduced glutathione. The reduced thioredoxin and TR are involved in the reduction of SeO32− and selenodiglutathione, respectively. The involvement of an iron siderophore and pyridine-2,6-bis (thiocarboxylic acid) (PDTC) in SeO32− detoxification in Pseudomonas stutzeri. Hydrolysis of PDTC released dipiclonic acid, and H2S contributed to the reduction of SeO32− to Se0. For T. selenatis, Rhizobium sullae, and Clostridium pasteurianum, respiratory reductases (e.g., nitrite reductase, sulfite reductase, and hydrogenase 1) were involved in the reduction of SeO32−.
Combined treatment with auranofin and trametinib induces synergistic apoptosis in breast cancer cells
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2021
Min-Kyung Joo, Sangyun Shin, Dong-Jin Ye, Hong-Gyu An, Tae-Uk Kwon, Hyoung-Seok Baek, Yeo-Jung Kwon, Young-Jin Chun
Previously Atanaskova et al. (2002) noted that the effect of MEK signal activation is induced by estrogen receptor-mediated gene expression. Zhao et al. (2017)showed that MEK inhibitors exhibited antiproliferative effects in breast cancer cell lines, including MCF-7 cells. Recently, auranofin, a thioredoxin reductase inhibitor, was examined as a promising anticancer drug (Han et al. 2019; Park and Chun 2014; Zhang et al. 2019). Thioredoxin reductase is known to regulate ERα-mediated gene expression, including NF-κB, p53, and Sp1, in MCF-7 cells (Rao et al. 2009). In addition, the specific inhibition of thioredoxin reductase inhibits cell invasion and migration in breast cancer cell lines including MCF-7 cells (Bhatia et al. 2016). Thus the inhibition of thioredoxin reductase might be an effective strategy in the treatment of breast cancer, and auranofin might serve as a suitable addition for combination therapy with an MEK inhibitor in ER(+) breast cancer.