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Adjuvants – Current Trends and Technology
Published in Chester L. Foy, David W. Pritchard, and Adjuvant Technology, 2018
At 5 d after treatment, leaf drops of cotton (30/21° C day/night temperatures) was 17% with thidiazuron alone, 37% with crop oil concentrate, 40% with ammonium sulfate, and 75% with all adjuvants combined.66 At 21/13° C day/night temperatures, there was less than 10% leaf drop with all treatments, and at 10 d after treatment there was no difference among any of the treatments at any temperature. Absorption of 14C-thidiazuron by cotton was increased with several adjuvants.
Gibberellic Acid Treatment Improved Pyrene Phytoremediation Efficiency of Ridge Gourd (Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb.) In Soil
Published in Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal, 2022
Khanitta Somtrakoon, Waraporn Chouychai
However, PAH phytotoxicity could limit the efficiency of PAH phytoremediation. The use of plant growth regulators (PGR) to induce plant growth under PAH stress may alleviate the phytotocixity and then increase the PAH phytoremediation efficiency. Many types of plant growth regulators, such as auxin, gibberellin and cytokinin, have been used to increase the plant growth and phytoremediation capacity in polluted soil. For example, auxin as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was reported to increase fluoranthene uptake by ryegrass. IAA was sprayed onto ryegrass plants growing in 200 mg kg−1 fluoranthene contaminated soil to a final concentration of 2.4 mg kg−1. This IAA concentration enhanced the root biomass and increased the fluoranthene accumulation in both the shoot and root when compared with a non-treated plant (Li et al. 2015). In addition, phenanthrene removal in soil planted with ryegrass and sprayed with 10 mg kg−1 was 97.07% while the phenanthrene removal in soil planted with ryegrass without IAA application was 70.19% (Li et al. 2016). Gibberellins, as gibberellic acid (GA3), were reported to increase benzo[a]pyrene biodegradation in soil planted with Tagates patula. T. patula was planted in 5 mg kg−1 benzo[a]pyrene + 20 mg kg−1 Cd-contaminated soil and applied with a 1 mmol kg−1 GA3 increase in benzo[a]pyrene biodegradation, but it did not increase the plant biomass (Sun et al. 2013). In another report, gibberellin and phenylurea cytokinin were used to increase hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) phytoremediation. Corn germinated from seed soaked in 0.1 mg l−1 GA3 or 0.1 mg l−1 GA3 + 0.01 mg l−1 Thidiazuron (TDZ, which is phenylurea cytokinin) could increase the HCH removal in corn-planted soil while the method for PGR application could only affect the corn growth. Watering corn with 0.01 mg l−1 TDZ could increase the growth more than seed soaking or spraying onto the shoot (Chouychai, Kruatrachue, and Lee 2015).