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Carbon Nanotubes as Sensors in Food and Agricultural Applications
Published in Soney C. George, Jacob Philip, Ann Rose Abraham, A. K. Haghi, Carbon Nanotubes for Energy and Environmental Applications, 2023
Binila K. Korah, Anu Rose Chacko, Sneha Mathew, Beena Mathew
Enhanced performance was obtained when fullerene functionalized carbon nanotubes were explored for the design of electrochemical sensors for the detection of pesticides. Two major works reported on the application of fullerene functionalized CNTs were used for the detection of carbendazim and vinclozolin.118,119 In the work which describes the detection of endocrine disruptor vinclozolin, the design of sensor involved GCE surface modified with fullerene functionalized MWCNT in a particular ratio (2:1 w/w) followed by treatment in a 0.1 mol/L tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate (TBAPF6) solution prepared in acetonitrile (Figure 6.6). Another work for the determination of carbendazim also involved the use of glassy carbon electrode as the bare electrode with modification. Both the sensors were successful in detecting pesticides in the real samples with efficiency. There are also reports on quantum dot (QD) decorated MWCNTs for the determination of pesticides. Feng et al. reported the design of sensor based on ZnSe QD decorated MWCNTs for the determination of pentachlorophenol by using differential pulse voltammetric technique.
Metal-Organic Frameworks Derived Materials for Supercapacitors
Published in Inamuddin, Rajender Boddula, Mohd Imran Ahamed, Abdullah Mohamed Asiri, Inorganic Nanomaterials for Supercapacitor Design, 2019
E. Heydari-Soureshjani, Ali A. Ensafi, Ahmad R. Taghipour-Jahromi
3D-MOFs are the first pristine MOFs, which were used as PCs electrode materials. Although 3D-MOFs have a large surface area and EDCL [25], they have some limitations in practical applications as electrode materials for PCs. They have not high conductivity [29,30], stability and need activation treatment for expel solvents residual inside the pores or channels and do not show a good specific capacitance [29,31]. For the first time, Díaz et al. was used the Co-Zn MOF (Co8-MOF-5) as an electrode material of a SC in non-aqueous media (tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate in acetonitrile). The obtained specific capacitance was very low due to low conductivity of this pristine 3D-MOF [32]. Concurrently, Lee et al. were investigated the Co-MOF-71 as an electrode material of a SC in different aqueous media (LiOH, KCl, LiCl and KOH). In different electrolyte, the maximum specific capacitance was obtained in LiOH (206.76 Fg–1 at 0.6 Ag–1) [33]. Therefore, attempts to increase the surface area and availability of electroactive materials to boost PCs specific capacitance led to the production of low pristine dimensional MOFs including 2D, 1D and 0D.
Electrochromics: Processing of Conjugated Polymers and Device Fabrication on Semi-Rigid, Flexible, and Stretchable Substrates
Published in John R. Reynolds, Barry C. Thompson, Terje A. Skotheim, Conjugated Polymers, 2019
Matthew Baczkowski, Sneh Sinha, Mengfang Li, Gregory Sotzing
Lithium salts are the most commonly used salts in GPE since they have excellent dissolution properties and can travel in the medium with high mobility. Commonly used salts for ECDs include lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiTrif), lithium bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonamide (LiTFSI), lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4), tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate (TBAPF6) and tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TBABF4). Ionic liquids such as 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIMBF4) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIMPF6) can also be used for EC applications. It has previously been reported that devices prepared from the most conductive gel matrix will also have the highest contrast12 A more mobile electrolyte contributes to a higher charge density during polymerization of the EC monomer, thereby leading to an increased doping level in the ECP.130,131
Hydrogen bonding promotes diversity in nitrite coordination modes at a single iron(II) center
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2020
D. M. M. Mevan Dissanayake, Brittney E. Petel, William W. Brennessel, Kara L. Bren, Ellen M. Matson
All electrochemical experiments were conducted in the glove box using a Bio-Logic SP 150 potentiostat/galvanostat and the EC-Lab software suite. Glassy carbon disks (3 mm, CH Instruments, USA) were used as working electrodes. Working electrodes were polished using a microcloth pad and 0.05 mM alumina powder. Potentials recorded during CV were measured relative to a nonaqueous Ag/Ag+ reference electrode with 10 mM AgNO3 and 100 mM [nBu4N][PF6] in acetonitrile (Bio-Logic). A platinum wire served as the counter electrode. Unless otherwise noted, the solvent used for electrochemical experiments was acetonitrile, with tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate (100 mM) as the supporting electrolyte. All CV measurements were IR compensated at 85% with impedance taken 100 kHz using the ZIR tool included with the EC-Lab software. All redox events were referenced against an external ferrocenium/ferrocene (Fc+/Fc) redox couple. The concentration of iron complexes in all CV experiments was 1 mM.
NLO characteristics of D-π-A coumarin-thiophene bridged azo dyes by Z-scan and DFT methods
Published in Molecular Physics, 2020
Nitesh N. Ayare, Mavila C. Sreenath, Subramaniyan Chitrambalam, Isaac H. Joe, Nagaiyan Sekar
The cyclic voltammograms of all the four dyes were determined using (0.1 M) tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate (TBAPF6) in acetonitrile as auxiliary electrolyte. The CV analysis of all the four dyes (3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d) was recorded in Table 1. (S9) shows all the four dyes reveal a reduction process peak of the azo chromophore and are electrochemically irreversible which is confirmed by the nonappearance of an anodic peak in all the four dyes’ voltammograms [33–35]. The onset value, HOMO–LUMO energy levels and band gap energy for 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d were estimated using Equations (1) and (2). The records obtained were tabulated in Table 3. From Table 1. It is clear that the dye 3a has the lowest bandgap energy (1.95 eV). It indicates that the dye 3a exhibits fluent and easy transport of electrons from HOMO to LUMO energy level constructing 3a as most NLO active dye as compared to the dyes 3b, 3c, and 3d (Table 1).
New mononuclear copper(II) complexes from β-diketone and β-keto ester N-donor heterocyclic ligands: structure, bioactivity, and molecular simulation studies
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2018
Rahime Eshaghi Malekshah, Mehdi Salehi, Maciej Kubicki, Ali Khaleghian
Electrochemical behavior of the synthesized complexes was investigated in detail in 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate (TBAH) as supporting electrolyte in acetonitrile. All electrode potentials were calibrated using the redox potential of the ferrocene/ferrocenium couple as reference. The complexes were homogenized by magnetic stirring. In the cyclic voltammograms of 1a, 1b, 2a and 2b, the cathodic peak potentials (Epc) appeared at −0.47, −0.44, −0.45, and −0.45 V, respectively, (at 100 mV/s). The cyclic voltammograms of the complexes are shown in Figures 3 and 4. As shown in the figures, all complexes exhibit a reduction wave at negative potentials, which is characteristic of irreversible CuII/CuI couple center, in agreement with the values reported for Cu(II) complexes [20, 41].