China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Chlorinated Solvents and Solvent Stabilizers
Published in Thomas K.G. Mohr, William H. DiGuiseppi, Janet K. Anderson, James W. Hatton, Jeremy Bishop, Barrie Selcoe, William B. Kappleman, Environmental Investigation and Remediation, 2020
Solvent purity listed in Table 1.10 reflects both the addition of stabilizers and impurities from manufacturing. Technical grade TCE (also called “industrial grade”) has been known to include about 0.15% carbon tetrachloride as the major chlorinated hydrocarbon impurity (Willis and Christian, 1957). The compound 1,1,2-trichloroethane can be an impurity in the manufacture of methyl chloroform and is more reactive than methyl chloroform (World Health Organization, 1990). PCE and TCE produced from symmetric tetrachloroethane (1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane) may retain detectable levels of the feed stock. The acetylene process used to produce TCE also carried over trace levels of symmetric tetrachloroethane. In the 1970s, production of TCE and PCE shifted from the acetylene process to an ethylene feedstock process, in which 1,2-dichloroethane was a common impurity (Morrison and Murphy, 2013).
Electrospun sodium titanate fibres for fast and selective water purification†
Published in Environmental Technology, 2019
Eero Santala, Risto Koivula, Risto Harjula, Mikko Ritala
For comparison, commercial sodium titanate ion exchange material, SrTreat® powder (Fortum Corporation) was also characterized. SrTreat® is produced by a wet chemical process, boiling granular TiO2 in NaOH [16]. Figure 4 shows FESEM images of SrTreat®. The granules of SrTreat® are composed of agglomerated, 1 µm particles and the particle surfaces seem to be porous. The broad peaks in the XRD pattern in Figure 5 show that particles are mostly nanocrystalline or amorphous. Based on the XRD, the material consists of several phases like cubic Na2TiO3, tetragonal Na2TiO4·H2O. There are also strong reflections from monoclinic Trona, that is also known as natural soda, Na3H(CO3)2·2H2O. Trona is most probably an impurity in the technical grade of NaOH.
Double gloving of disposable nitrile gloves exposed to diethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether
Published in Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2020
Sayaka Takaku-Pugh, Shane Que Hee
The present results can be best directly applied to situations where pure or nearly pure DGBE is being used: in analytical chemistry laboratories; in formularies; and in industrial reactors where various purities of technical grade chemical are used. The higher the content of DGBE in formulations the more likely are the current permeation results applicable. There needs to be much more research done on the permeation of its mixtures. The method of characterizing the quantitative effect of double layering through BT and Ps factors can be applied to other systems. The limitations of the method need to be defined for different workplaces and work practices, and the types of chemicals and gloves.
Pesticide induced up-regulation of esterase and aldehyde dehydrogenase in indigenous Bacillus spp.
Published in Bioremediation Journal, 2019
Pankaj Bhatt, Saurabh Gangola, Parul Chaudhary, Priyanka Khati, Govind Kumar, Anita Sharma, Anjana Srivastava
Technical grade cypermethrin, fipronil, and sulfosulfuron (95% pure) were obtained from the Department of Chemistry, G.B.P.U.A&T Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India. Stock solutions of the these three pesticides make in acetonitrile 1 mg/ml. Stock solutions were filter sterilized and kept in refrigerator for further use. Minimal salt medium and nutrient broth medium(s) were used for the isolation and cultivation of cypermethrin, fipronil, and sulfosulfuron degrading bacterial strains (Negi, Pankaj, and Sharma 2014; Pankaj et al. 2016a, 2016b). Chemical(s) used in this research were of analytical grade.