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Organic Materials for Green Electronics
Published in Neha Kanwar Rawat, Iuliana Stoica, A. K. Haghi, Green Polymer Chemistry and Composites, 2021
G. Vidya, Saravanan Subbiahraj, Praveen C. Ramamurthy
Suzuki reaction is classified as a cross-coupling reaction having the coupling partners are boronic acid and an organohalide catalyzed with a palladium (0) complex.19 This reaction was first published by Akira Suzuki, Richard F. Heck, and Ei-ichi Negichi in 1979 for this invention they were shared Nobel prize in 2010.19 The main advantages of Suzuki coupling reaction are, it should be scalable and cost-effective for the making of intermediates for pharma and other industries. This reaction in some aspects is more environmentally desirable than other coupling reactions. But in the presence of phase transfer catalyst and water, the base leads to substantial difficulty to the reaction medium, due to this sometimes-multi-phase reactions become slower and very difficult to mix.20Figure 5.2 displays a typical Suzuki coupling reaction by Kim et al. with carbazole, as the electron-rich unit and tetrafluoro phenylene as the electron-deficient unit.21
Organic Synthesis
Published in Suresh C. Ameta, Rakshit Ameta, Garima Ameta, Sonochemistry, 2018
Chetna Ameta, Arpit Kumar Pathak, P. B. Punjabi
Suzuki reaction is an organic coupling reaction catalysed by a palladium(0) complex, where the coupling partners are boronic acid and organohalide (Miyaura et al., 1979; Miyaura and Suzuki, 1979). Suzuki reaction was first investigated employing Pd(OAc)2 as a catalyst in the absence of phosphine ligands. The ultrasound-assisted cross-coupling reaction between potassium trifluoroborate salts and aryl- or vinyltellurides for the preparation of Z- or E-stilbenes has been reported by Cella and Stefani (2006). A series of alkenes with defined stereochemistry were obtained in good yields within 40 min under comparative conditions. It was observed that most of the starting material remained unchanged even after 24 h of magnetic stirring. However, the same reaction gives a yield of 63% in 18 h under reflux conditions. An important feature of this reaction is that it can even tolerate ester groups, which are sensitive to normal conditions.
Synthesis and structural characterization of palladium(II) 2-(arylazo)naphtholate complexes and their catalytic activity in Suzuki and Sonogashira coupling reactions
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2019
Sathya Munusamy, Premkumar Muniyappan, Venkatachalam Galmari
The palladium-catalyzed Suzuki cross coupling of aryl halides with arylboronic acids is a powerful tool for preparation of unsymmetrical biaryl compounds [16] and has been applied to many areas, including herbicides [17] and natural product synthesis [18]. The value of the Suzuki reactions stems from using low-cost and non-toxic chemicals, vide substrate tolerance, mild reactions conditions, and easy separation of products from the reaction media [19, 20]. The use of non-flammable inexpensive and abundant green solvents such as water or water solutions is an important area of research for the Suzuki reaction [21–23]. Cross coupling reactions involve metal-catalyzed coupling of an organic electrophile with an organic nucleophile (Scheme 1). A variety of name reactions have been developed using organometallic carbon nucleophiles. Examples with nearly every metal in the periodic table have been demonstrated, but the most common organometallic species used include organotin (Stille), organoboron (Suzuki), Grignard reagents (Kumada), organosilicon (Hiyama), organozinc (Negishi) and in situ generated acetylide anions (Sonogashira). Key steps in these cross-coupling reactions include oxidative addition of the organic halide, trans metalation of the nucleophilic carbon, and reductive elimination to form the products.
MgFe2O4@SiO2-PrNH2/Pd/bimenthonoxime core-shell magnetic nanoparticles as a recyclable green catalyst for heterogeneous Suzuki cross-coupling in aqueous ethanol
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2019
Mansour Mahmoudzadeh, Ebrahim Mehdipour, Ronak Eisavi
The exact mechanism of this transformation is not clear at present. However, a possible mechanism is shown in Scheme 2. The Suzuki reaction occurs through oxidative addition, transmetallation and reductive elimination. After in situ formation of Pd(0), oxidative addition of the aryl halide ArX furnishes (ArPdXLn). The transmetallation step occurs by conversion of the palladium halide (ArPdXLn) in the presence of a neutral organoboron compound Ar'B(OH)2 and base to the diaryl complex (ArPdAr'Ln). Then, reductive elimination of the complex gives the biaryl derivative Ar–Ar' and Pd(0) (Scheme 2).