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Energy Use and Environmental Impact
Published in B K Bala, Energy Systems Modeling and Policy Analysis, 2022
While natural sources account for a significant, though uncertain, fraction of the atmospheric sulfur and nitrogen oxides that are the precursors of acid deposition, human sources appear to be the major cause of recent declining trends in the pH of rainfall. While some industrial sources of emissions, particularly the smelting of metals, are important sources of sulfur oxides, the energy sector accounts for a large fraction of these emissions. Sulfur oxides are produced during the combustion of coal, which contains varying amounts (about 0.5 to 5 or more percent) of sulfur, and during the combustion of fuel oil, particularly the heavier grades. These fuels are most commonly used in large industrial facilities and electric power generation. Nitrogen oxides are produced at varying rates by all types of fossil and biomass fuel combustion. The nitrogen in the NOx produced during combustion is derived both from nitrogen in the fuel and from the molecular nitrogen (N2) that makes up nearly four-fifths of the air we breathe. Gasoline-powered autos and trucks are major emitters of NOx.
Electricity and Transportation Markets
Published in Anco S. Blazev, Global Energy Market Trends, 2021
Sulfur oxides can be controlled by the installation of scrubbers at coal-fired power plants. Scrubbers allow high-sulfur coals to be used because they remove sulfur dioxides out of the gas stream in the stacks (a process called desulfurization).
Energy and the Environment
Published in Anco S. Blazev, Power Generation and the Environment, 2021
Sulfur oxides can be controlled with the installation of scrubbers at coal-fired power plants. Scrubbers allow high-sulfur coals to be used because they remove sulfur dioxides out of the gas stream in the stacks (a process called desulfurization).
Effects of temperature and catalytic reduction of sulfur content on kinematic viscosity and specific gravity of tire pyrolysis oil
Published in Chemical Engineering Communications, 2023
Job Bosire Omwoyo, Richard Kyalo Kimilu, John Mmari Onyari
Sulfur has no effect on diesel engine combustion. However, when sulfur is burned, it produces sulfur oxides, which dissolve in condensed water produced by the combustion of hydrogen to produce sulfuric acid. As sulfur content increases, corrosion effects in turbo blowers, silencers, and exhaust pipes are likely to occur (Otta 2016). When sulfur is present in the fuel, it causes pollution to the environment. TPO was discovered to contain sulfur in excess of the required levels for diesel fuel (Diez et al. 2004; Rofiqul et al. 2007; Olazar et al. 2008; Frigo et al. 2014; Nkosi & Muzenda 2014; Demirbas et al. 2016). The use of a catalyst, on the other hand, can reduce the sulfur content of the resulting TPO (Shah et al. 2008; Demirbas et al. 2016). Zhang et al. (2008) and Miandad et al. (2018) also found out that the use of Na2CO3 affects the structure and composition of tire pyrolysis oil. They can have an effect on specific gravity and kinematic viscosity.
Comparative investigation of bio-beneficiation of Kasnau-Matasukh lignite using native microorganisms
Published in International Journal of Coal Preparation and Utilization, 2022
Aniruddha Kumar, Pramod K Rajak, Asha Lata Singh, Rajesh Kumar, K N Singh, Prakash K Singh
It has become necessary to explore various ways of bio-beneficiation of lignite in order to get clean fuel, due to the exhaustion of good quality coal which is the prominent source of energy in the world. Combustion of coal produces sulfur dioxide, and other pollutants, which are harmful for the atmosphere. Sulfur oxides (SO2) cause acid rain and smog that are harmful to plants and marine ecosystem (Soleimani, Bassi, and Margaritis 2007; Gonsalvesh et al. 2008; Hu et al. 2019; Singh et al. 2012a, 2012b, 2012c). The conventional process like chemical, physical, and physico-chemical are not that appropriate for cleaning fine coal (Uslu, Sahinoglu, and Yavuz 2012) and the yield decreases significantly when the mineral matter gets dispersed in the coal matrix. Furthermore, these methods do not work more on organic sulfur and the energy-intensive processes operate with excessive investment and operational costs (Çelik et al. 2019; Martínez, Santos, and Garcìa-Ochoa 2017).
The application of combined lignite cleaning processes, bacterial leaching and flotation, for reducing higher ash and sulfur contents
Published in International Journal of Coal Preparation and Utilization, 2022
In this study, firstly biological treatment with A. ferrooxidans, obtained from DSMZ was carried out on low-grade lignite through a bioreactor. The efficiency of mesophilic bacteria to remove ash and pyritic sulfur from coal was investigated and compared with laboratory-scale studies in the literature (Hu et al. 2019; Sener et al. 2018). In addition, according to the obtained results, it had been determined that bioleaching experiments had positive effects on ash and sulfur desulphurization. The decrease in ash and sulfur content can be caused by the dissolution of mineral substances in acidic medium. These results were identified to coincide with the results of studies in the literature (Acharya, Kar, and Sukla 2001; Aytar, Sam, and Cabuk 2008; Grossman et al. 1999; Holda and Mlynarczykowska 2014; Nurhawaisyah et al. 2019; Sener et al. 2018). The sulfur oxides react with water molecules to form acid rain, which deteriorates the environment and infrastructure. The reduction in ash content of coal has a positive impact on the environment, especially in relation to heavy metals in coal and fly ash after combustion of untreated coal (Acharya, Sukla, and Misra 2005; Fecko et al. 2006; Nurhawaisyah et al. 2019).