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Chemistry and Nature of Biofuels
Published in M.R. Riazi, David Chiaramonti, Biofuels Production and Processing Technology, 2017
Maria Joana Neiva Correia, M. Margarida Mateus, Maria Cristina Fernandes, M.R. Riazi, David Chiaramonti
Succinic acid is a four-carbon chemical (Figure 2.24) that has a large range of applications, from high-value applications such as personal care products and food additives to large-volume applications such as biopolymers, plasticizers, polyurethanes, resins, and coatings. Bio-based succinic acid is most commonly produced by low-pH yeast or bacterial fermentation industries (SP 2015).
Bio-based Polyamides
Published in Abdullah Al-Mamun, Jonathan Y. Chen, Industrial Applications of Biopolymers and their Environmental Impact, 2020
Additional special polyamides are known from literature. However, they have only been created on a laboratory scale thus far. In the future, they could be produced based on bio-based succinic acid. Succinic acid is considered to have great potential as a bio-based building block. One example for this is PA 4.4, based on fermentative succinic acid from biomass [31, 32].
Chemical and biological routes for the valorization of macroalgal polysaccharides
Published in Antonio Trincone, Enzymatic Technologies for Marine Polysaccharides, 2019
Valerie J. Rodrigues, Annamma A. Odaneth
In addition to conversion to biofuels, several other value-added products can be derived by utilizing macroalgal monosugars as starting materials. Galactose, which is the building block of red macroalgal polysaccharides, is an attractive substrate for bioconversion. Liu et al. (2014) have metabolically engineered an E.coli strain to convert d-galactose into d-galactonate, a valuable organic acid that is used as a precursor for the synthesis of polyester, food additive, a pharmaceutical intermediated and a cosmetic raw material (Zaliz and Varela 2007; Kusema and Murzin 2013; Yu Fei et al. 1996). Similarly, the engineering of an E.coli strain for the production of succinic acid from the hydrolysate of the brown macroalgae L. japonica consisting of glucose and mannitol has also been reported (Bai et al. 2015). Succinic acid has applications in the food, pharmaceutical, agriculture, and polymer industries and is used as a platform chemical for the synthesis of 1,4-butanedial, tetrahydrofuran, adipic acid, and c-butyrolactone (Yu-Sin et al. 2012; Cheng et al. 2012). Lactic acid is another compound of interest that can be derived by the bioconversion of macroalgal monosugars. It is used in the food, chemical, cosmetic, and biopolymer industries (Taskila and Ojamo 2013). Mazumdar et al. (2014) reported the engineering of an E.coli strain to produce l-lactate from the hydrolysate of the brown macroalgae L. japonica containing glucose and mannitol. The hydrolysate of Enteromorpha prolifera containing sugars such as d-glucose, d-xylose, d-glucuronic acid, l-rhamnose, and d-glucuronic acid lactone was also evaluated for the production of lactic acid using different strains of Lactobacillus and showed promising results (Hwang et al. 2012). Other value-added products derived from macroalgal sugars include 1,2-propanediol from U. lactuca hydrolysate, pyruvate from alginate, 2-3 butanediol from L. japonica, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), a biodegradable polyester from the hydrolysate of Gelidium amansii, as reviewed by Cesário et al. (2018). Rhamnose and fucose from macroalgal polysaccharide can be fermented to 1,2-propanediol (Saxena et al. 2010)
Ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction of succinic acid from aqueous streams: COSMO-RS screening and experimental verification
Published in Environmental Technology, 2023
Huma Warsi Khan, Anis Aina Zailan, Ambavaram Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy, Masahiro Goto, Muhammad Moniruzzaman
Succinic acid (SA) is a valuable four-carbon dicarboxylic acid crystalline compound with a wide range of applications in the preparation of biodegradable polymers, food and pharmaceutical industries. As it produces five-membered heterocyclic compounds, SA is also used as intermediate in the preparation of photographic chemicals, alkyl resins, plasticisers, metal treatment chemicals, dyes, perfumes, lacquers, fragrances and coatings. It is also used in medical sector for the preparation of antidepressants, antibiotics, contraceptives and cancer-curing agents [1]. Owing to its widespread consumption, large SA quantities are presently disposed into aqueous streams where high SA concentrations pose a threat to fauna, flora and aquatic life. As a result, the extraction and recovery of SA from aqueous systems has become necessary.
Low cost nutrient-rich oil palm trunk bagasse hydrolysate for bio-succinic acid production by Actinobacillus succinogenes
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2022
Nurul Adela Bukhari, Soh Kheang Loh, Abdullah Amru Indera Luthfi, Peer Mohamed Abdul, Jamaliah Md Jahim
The commercial roles and fields of applications of succinic acid (SA) or its derivatives are multifold, such as in detergency, coating, food products, agriculture and pharmaceuticals.[4] Today, most of the commercially available SA is manufactured through chemical routes using paraffin, maleic anhydride, acetylene, or acrylic acid as the basic raw materials.[5,6] However, bio-based SA from microbial fermentation (bio-SA) has been opted for use in food, pharmaceutical and agriculture industries to reduce contamination risks for safety compliance. In particular, the use of biomass as renewable raw materials for bio-SA production has attracted global attention due to fast-depleting fossil resources and concerns surrounding environmental issues.[7] In harnessing second-generation sugars from biomass, efficient and low-cost bioprocessing of the lignocellulosic carbohydrates would be much anticipated to drive the bio-SA industry. Although various types of lignocellulosic biomass have been investigated to serve as economical carbon sources for bio-SA production, minimal exploratory efforts are dedicated to yield improvement into manipulating the second largest consumed nutrient in the fermentation medium, viz. nitrogen source, as a means of reducing operational cost.[8]
Chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass: A critical comparison between biochemical, microwave and thermochemical conversion methods
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2021
Iris K. M. Yu, Huihui Chen, Felix Abeln, Hadiza Auta, Jiajun Fan, Vitaly L. Budarin, James H. Clark, Sophie Parsons, Christopher J. Chuck, Shicheng Zhang, Gang Luo, Daniel C.W Tsang
The biological production of succinic acid has also been developed recently. Succinic acid can be used in manufacture of 1,4 butanediol, polymer and esters, polybutylene succinate, solvents and coatings, polyester polyols and plasticizers, with 1,4 butanediol having the largest market (Nghiem et al., 2017). It can also replace butane-based maleic anhydride which has since played a crucial role in bio-refining process. Roquette produces Biosuccinium® using an acidophilic yeast platform and corn starch hydrolysate as growth medium while Myriant has already developed a lignocellulosic process using sorghum grains as feedstock. In 2014, Corbion, in collaboration with BASF- Spain (Succinity GmbH), fully commercialized the process using Basfia succiniciproducens, with an initial capacity of 10,000 tonnes. The market for bio-based succinic acid is expected to face significant growth over the next five years (Nghiem et al., 2017). This growth is significantly driven by increase in the number of emerging applications, such as (non-phthalate) plasticizers, resins, and polyester polyols for polyurethanes. Key market players include BASF SE and Corbion N.V. (Succinity GmbH), Myriant Corporation, Koninklijke DSM N.V and Roquette Frères S.A (Reverdia) and BioAmber Inc. Overall, substantial capital requirement and high processing cost remain bottlenecks to the market growth, despite the relatively high price of succinic acid. Recent studies have shown the superior economics of the bio-based process when compared with the nonrenewable route (Nghiem et al., 2017).