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Approaches to Enhance Antioxidant Defense in Plants
Published in Hasanuzzaman Mirza, Nahar Kamrun, Fujita Masayuki, Oku Hirosuke, Tofazzal M. Islam, Approaches for Enhancing Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants, 2019
Hamid Mohammadi, Saeid Hazrati, Mohsen Janmohammadi
Genes encoding pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) and pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR) are the main target points for manipulating the proline biosynthesis, and their overexpression has often been accompanied by an increased tolerance to environmental stress and improvements of redox balance (Verslues and Sharma, 2010). Besides, it has demonstrated that polyamines function in stress tolerance largely by modulating the homeostasis of ROS due to their direct, or indirect, roles in regulating antioxidant systems or suppressing ROS production (Liu et al., 2015). There are three major polyamines in plants, putrescine, spermidine, and spermine. It has been revealed that genes encoding arginine decarboxylase play a critical role in the production of putrescine in Arabidopsis thaliana. Putrescine is then converted into spermidine by spermidine synthase, and spermidine is then converted into spermine by spermine synthase. Polyamines synthesis may vary between tissues/organs, and depending on the type of polyamine, the rate-limiting enzyme will be different.
Role of exogenously applied putrescine in amelioration of cadmium stress in Coriandrum sativum by modulating antioxidant system
Published in International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2022
Rehana Sardar, Shakil Ahmed, Nasim Ahmad Yasin
Polyamines (PAs) are minute poly-cations including putrescine (Put), spermine (Spm) and spermidine (Spd). Such light-weighted biomolecules participates in the maintenance of plant growth and physiochemical events; they also play important roles in modulating physiochemical activities of plants to endure multiple abiotic stresses (Huo et al. 2020). The crosstalk between PAs and cell constituents results in the osmotic regulation in cells (Masson et al. 2017). Methionine generates ammonia propyl which induces the production of Put required for the synthesis pathway of Spm and Spd (Slocum et al. 1984). Xiong et al. (2018) reported the involvement of Put in the improvement of enzymatic antioxidants and enhanced photosynthesis in case of salt stressed tea seedlings. The increased biosynthesis of indigenous PAs scavenges ROS and alleviates abiotic stress in assisted plants (Huo et al. 2020). Similarly, the exogenously applied Put increased the activity of antioxidative enzymes to assuage salinity stress in plants Khan et al. (2012). Due to the involvement of PAs in the alleviation of various abiotic stresses, it was speculated that seed priming with Put may improve the stress tolerance and growth of coriander plants growing in Cd spiked soil.
Enhanced performance of Bacillus megaterium OSR-3 in combination with putrescine ammeliorated hydrocarbon stress in Nicotiana tabacum
Published in International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2021
Muniba Tariq, Anis Ali Shah, Nasim Ahmad Yasin, Aqeel Ahmad, Muhammad Rizwan
Polyamines (PAs) are crucial in attaining metabolic homeostasis in plants facing numerous abiotic stresses (Mohammadi et al.2018). Putrescine treatment alleviated metal toxicity in wheat through enhanced proline bio-accumulation and changes in antioxidative enzymes activities (Tajti et al.2018). Polyamines are biostimulators which enable plants to improve growth and mitigate abiotic stresses (Chen et al.2018). Put is one of the major growth relevant polyamine present in a number of crop plants (Sobieszczuk-Nowicka 2017; Takahashi et al.2018). Polyamines such as spermine (Spm), spermidine (Spd) and Put regulate physiochemical progressions of plants (Mustafavi et al.2018). Whereas, Put being the fundamental bio-product of polyamine synthetic pathway, is precursor of Spm and Spd (Xu et al.2009).
Novel approach using activated cellulose film for efficient immobilization of purified diamine oxidase to enhance enzyme performance and stability
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2020
Neelam Verma, Lovely Sisodiya, Anjum Gahlaut, Vinita Hooda, Vikas Hooda
Biogenic amines (BAs), mainly formed by decarboxylation of low molecular weight nitrogenous compounds, are ubiquitous in nature. These are known for various roles in many physiological processes such as signal transmission, cell viability, growth and development, act as a fundamental metabolite and an antioxidant in plants and animals when present in appropriate amount. The concentration of BAs is an important aspect of their usefulness or toxicity because their deficiency as well as excess may be lethal for the organism. Diamines (such as putrescine, spermidine, cadaverine, etc.) are foul-smelling compounds that are responsible for the foul odor of putrefying flesh, in processed food and meat products. Rise in their levels is significant remark for cancer (high putrescine), tumors, injuries, or other infection in the body. These are the “markers of freshness or spoilage” for food products, fruits and vegetables especially for processed foods. Therefore, it is essential to detect their concentration in different samples of blood, tissues, and foods to avoid any health-related risk and early diagnosis of cancer. DAO is used for the detection of concentrations of several diamines and polyamines.[1,2]