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Product: Alfa-Tox
Published in Charles R. Foden, Jack L. Weddell, First Responder’s Guide to Agricultural Chemical Accidents, 2018
Charles R. Foden, Jack L. Weddell
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION Atratol 90 is a triazine herbicide. If poisoning is suspected DO NOT WAIT for symptoms to appear. Product contains a strong corrosive agent that can cause severe eye damage. Irritation of the skin, nose, or throat may result from overexposure. If swallowed nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea can occur. Ingestion of 1/4 pound or more may be fatal. Skin redness and swelling may occur after exposure. May produce a sensitizing reaction, may cause damage to the eyes and general irritation. Inhalation may cause some irritation to the respiratory system.Exposure to high levels of sodium metaborate may lead to effects on the skin and gonads.
Force-System Resultants and Equilibrium
Published in Richard C. Dorf, The Engineering Handbook, 2018
Sodium borohydride, NaBH4, has recently received much attention through the work of Millenium Cell and DaimlerChrysler. Millennium Cell has patented a process that releases hydrogen from an aqueous solution of sodium borohydride, NaBH4, in an exothermal reaction. (Sodium borohydride is usually made from borax using diborane, a highly reactive, highly toxic gas.) Hydrogen is only produced when the liquid fuel is in direct contact with a catalyst. The only other reaction product, sodium metaborate (analogous to borax), is water soluble and environmentally benign. The 35wt% solution 35wt%NaBH4, 3wt%NaOH,62wt%H2O) will store 7.7wt% of hydrogen or 77g/921 standard liters of hydrogen in one liter of solution.
Desulfurization and De-ashing of Coal Through Catalytic Oxidation Using Fe (III) and Cu(II) Catalysts Loaded in Different Forms
Published in International Journal of Coal Preparation and Utilization, 2023
Waqas Ahmad, Imtiaz Ahmad, Ishraq Ahmad, Amjad Ali Shah
Wencheng Xia et al. have extensively reviewed technological development of the chemical techniques used for desulfurization of coal (Xia and Xie 2017). The simplest chemical method being used for coal desulfurization is chemical leaching using various acids including HF (Vaccaro 2010), HNO3 (Gürü 2007), H2SO4 (Davalos et al. 2009), etc., and alkali solutions, commonly NaOH (Mursito, Hirajima, and Sasaki 2011), or a combination of acids and alkalis with other reagents (Purohit et al. 2014). A combined froth flotation and NaOH leaching of coal have been reported to remove about 88% total sulfur (Saydut et al. 2007). Extraction of coal with variety of organic solvents and aqueous solutions of metal salts has also been reported to be an efficient technique for removal of sulfur from coal (Das and Sharma 2001; Ehsani 2006). Tonghua Sun and his coworkers reported a process based on the electroreduction of coal water slurry containing sodium metaborate in the presence of metal catalyst, which leads to removal of sulfur from coal as H2S and sulfides (Shu et al. 2013). Low temperature pyrolysis has also been found to be helpful in removal of sulfur from coal. The fixed pyrolysis of coal at about 600°C under N2 or H2 atmosphere in the presence 10% NaOH or KOH was found to remove 70 to 80% of sulfur, whereas in the absence of NaOH or KOH sulfur removal was about 40 to 50% (Liu et al. 2005). Pyrolysis of coal with iron powder in 4:1 ratio at 500 to 700°C has shown to significantly improve the sulfur removal (Xia et al. 2018).
Changing interfacial tension and wettability using new generation chemicals and nano metal particles at elevated temperatures and pressures: An analysis through a new experimental design for heavy-oil recovery applications
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2019
Aqueous phases were prepared by mixing chemicals in deionized water. Table 1 summarizes the chemical agents tested in this research.[42,43] The chemicals were chosen based on the results of our previous screening tests at 90 .[30] Tap water was used as the reference to evaluate the performance of other chemicals. Dodecyl trimethylammonium bromide (C12TAB) and 1-Butyl-2, 3-dimethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ( were obtained from SiGMA, while LTS-18 was offered by Shell Chemicals. Sodium metaborate solution was prepared with sodium metaborate tetrahydrate (), which was provided by ACROS ORGANICS. Silicon oxide (), aluminum oxide (), and zirconium oxide () nanofluids were prepared with nanopowder dispersion with sizes 5–35 nm, 10 nm, and 45–55 nm, respectively. Nanopowder dispersions were obtained from US Research Nanomaterials, Inc. The concentrations of solutions were optimized based on IFT, which was demonstrated in the other paper.[17]
NiB loaded acetic acid treated microalgae strain (Spirulina Platensis) to use as a catalyst for hydrogen generation from sodium borohydride methanolysis
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2019
In hydrogen production studies with Ni-B (Pinto et al. 2006) and Co-B (Jeong et al. 2005) catalysts, the hydrolysis reaction was found to be slower at higher NaBH4 concentration. Amendola et al. (Amendola et al. 2000; Amendola et al. 1999) obtained similar results in their study with the Ru catalyst. The same authors attributed this result to an increase in solution viscosity. However, Zhang et al. (Zhang et al. 2007) reported that the hydrolysis rate of NaBH4 using Ni catalysts decreased with the increase of NaBH4 concentration. The similar result for Co-supported catalysts was obtained (Ye et al. 2007b). Although the effect of NaBH4 concentration is not exactly the same for the different type of catalysts, the main reason for the decreasing hydrogen generation rate is due to the high viscosity of solution.The sodium metaborate crystals formed by this hydrolysis reaction by increasing the concentration of NaBH4 can also block the catalytic activity of the SSMS-CH3COOH-NiB catalyst surface by covering the active sites. As a result, the rate of hydrogen production decreased as the NaBH4 concentration increased above 7.5% by weight.