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Product: Alfa-Tox
Published in Charles R. Foden, Jack L. Weddell, First Responder’s Guide to Agricultural Chemical Accidents, 2018
Charles R. Foden, Jack L. Weddell
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION Atratol 90 is a triazine herbicide. If poisoning is suspected DO NOT WAIT for symptoms to appear. Product contains a strong corrosive agent that can cause severe eye damage. Irritation of the skin, nose, or throat may result from overexposure. If swallowed nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea can occur. Ingestion of 1/4 pound or more may be fatal. Skin redness and swelling may occur after exposure. May produce a sensitizing reaction, may cause damage to the eyes and general irritation. Inhalation may cause some irritation to the respiratory system.Exposure to high levels of sodium metaborate may lead to effects on the skin and gonads.
Principles Governing Fertilisation of Salt-affected Soils
Published in Ranbir Chhabra, Soil Salinity and Water Quality, 2017
In addition to leaching, B hazards in alkali soils can be minimised by addition of gypsum. Gupta and Chandra (1972) from a laboratory study observed a marked reduction in water-soluble B together with pH and SAR, on addition of gypsum to a highly alkali soil. At high pH/ESP, boron is present as highly soluble sodium metaborate, which upon addition of gypsum is converted into relatively insoluble calcium metaborate. The solubility of calcium metaborate is very low, 0.4 per cent as compared with 26 to 30 per cent of sodium metaborate. For these reasons, in spite of their initial high B content, crops grown in gypsum-amended alkali soils do not suffer from B toxicity. Ashok Kumar and Abrol (1982) reported reduced uptake of B even by grasses grown in gypsum-amended alkali soils.
Force-System Resultants and Equilibrium
Published in Richard C. Dorf, The Engineering Handbook, 2018
Sodium borohydride, NaBH4, has recently received much attention through the work of Millenium Cell and DaimlerChrysler. Millennium Cell has patented a process that releases hydrogen from an aqueous solution of sodium borohydride, NaBH4, in an exothermal reaction. (Sodium borohydride is usually made from borax using diborane, a highly reactive, highly toxic gas.) Hydrogen is only produced when the liquid fuel is in direct contact with a catalyst. The only other reaction product, sodium metaborate (analogous to borax), is water soluble and environmentally benign. The 35wt% solution 35wt%NaBH4, 3wt%NaOH,62wt%H2O) will store 7.7wt% of hydrogen or 77g/921 standard liters of hydrogen in one liter of solution.
Desulfurization and De-ashing of Coal Through Catalytic Oxidation Using Fe (III) and Cu(II) Catalysts Loaded in Different Forms
Published in International Journal of Coal Preparation and Utilization, 2023
Waqas Ahmad, Imtiaz Ahmad, Ishraq Ahmad, Amjad Ali Shah
Wencheng Xia et al. have extensively reviewed technological development of the chemical techniques used for desulfurization of coal (Xia and Xie 2017). The simplest chemical method being used for coal desulfurization is chemical leaching using various acids including HF (Vaccaro 2010), HNO3 (Gürü 2007), H2SO4 (Davalos et al. 2009), etc., and alkali solutions, commonly NaOH (Mursito, Hirajima, and Sasaki 2011), or a combination of acids and alkalis with other reagents (Purohit et al. 2014). A combined froth flotation and NaOH leaching of coal have been reported to remove about 88% total sulfur (Saydut et al. 2007). Extraction of coal with variety of organic solvents and aqueous solutions of metal salts has also been reported to be an efficient technique for removal of sulfur from coal (Das and Sharma 2001; Ehsani 2006). Tonghua Sun and his coworkers reported a process based on the electroreduction of coal water slurry containing sodium metaborate in the presence of metal catalyst, which leads to removal of sulfur from coal as H2S and sulfides (Shu et al. 2013). Low temperature pyrolysis has also been found to be helpful in removal of sulfur from coal. The fixed pyrolysis of coal at about 600°C under N2 or H2 atmosphere in the presence 10% NaOH or KOH was found to remove 70 to 80% of sulfur, whereas in the absence of NaOH or KOH sulfur removal was about 40 to 50% (Liu et al. 2005). Pyrolysis of coal with iron powder in 4:1 ratio at 500 to 700°C has shown to significantly improve the sulfur removal (Xia et al. 2018).
Latest trends for structural steel protection by using intumescent fire protective coatings: a review
Published in Surface Engineering, 2020
Muhammad Yasir, Faiz Ahmad, Puteri Sri Melor Megat Yusoff, Sami Ullah, Maude Jimenez
Boron-based compounds are well known as flame retardants across the globe [129]. The most widely used flame retardants include borax, zinc borate, barium metaborate and ammonium fluoroborate. Boron compounds help in fire suppression in both condensed and vapour phases. They have structures that are mostly Lewis acids, which form cross-linked polymeric material during thermal degradation and resulted in minimised decomposition and volatile combustibles [130]. Boron compounds form a glassy ester when it reacts with the hydroxyl groups (OH-) in the polymers. Then, during the charring phenomena, ester forms a protective layer on the substrate surface, thus decreasing the solid-state carbon oxidation. Furthermore, it is a well-known commercial exercise that the reduction in the afterglow effect can be minimised when the zinc borate reacts with metal hydroxide flame retardant systems.
Changing interfacial tension and wettability using new generation chemicals and nano metal particles at elevated temperatures and pressures: An analysis through a new experimental design for heavy-oil recovery applications
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2019
Aqueous phases were prepared by mixing chemicals in deionized water. Table 1 summarizes the chemical agents tested in this research.[42,43] The chemicals were chosen based on the results of our previous screening tests at 90 .[30] Tap water was used as the reference to evaluate the performance of other chemicals. Dodecyl trimethylammonium bromide (C12TAB) and 1-Butyl-2, 3-dimethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ( were obtained from SiGMA, while LTS-18 was offered by Shell Chemicals. Sodium metaborate solution was prepared with sodium metaborate tetrahydrate (), which was provided by ACROS ORGANICS. Silicon oxide (), aluminum oxide (), and zirconium oxide () nanofluids were prepared with nanopowder dispersion with sizes 5–35 nm, 10 nm, and 45–55 nm, respectively. Nanopowder dispersions were obtained from US Research Nanomaterials, Inc. The concentrations of solutions were optimized based on IFT, which was demonstrated in the other paper.[17]