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Clays and Clay Minerals
Published in Benny K.G. Theng, Clay Mineral Catalysis of Organic Reactions, 2018
As its name suggests, SMM is essentially composed of mica (muscovite) layers, which are randomly interstratified with those of montmorillonite—in reality—beidellite (Granquist and Kennedy 1967; Granquist and Pollack 1967; Kellendonk et al. 1987). The synthesis is normally carried out by reacting silica, alumina, an alkali metal oxide or hydroxide, and a fluoride salt in specified proportions with excess water under hydrothermal conditions. The mineral crystallizes out in the form of ~5 nm thick platelets with an average diameter of 100 nm and a surface area of 134–165 m2/g (Swift 1977; van Olphen and Fripiat 1979).
Processes
Published in Mark J. Kaiser, Arno de Klerk, James H. Gary, Glenn E. Hwerk, Petroleum Refining, 2019
Mark J. Kaiser, Arno de Klerk, James H. Gary, Glenn E. Hwerk
Hydrocracking converts gas oils into gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel, and it is common to feed FCC light-cycle oil to produce high-quality diesel. Hydrocracking operates using high-pressure and high-temperature (1500 psig and 600°F) and consumes large amounts of hydrogen making it an expensive process to run. Zeolite and amorphous silica-alumina are the primary catalyst.
Whole pH range anti-corrosion property of aluminium alloy coated with MFI zeolite film
Published in Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology, 2018
Shang-Tien Tsai, Wen-Chyuan ChangJean, Pei-Hsiun Chao, Shang-Yuan Fu, Tseng-Chang Tsai
Zeolite is a cation exchangeable negatively charged silica–alumina oxide framework. Coating of zeolite film on the metal surface for corrosion protection has been done by the growth of a zeolite film from a synthesis gel, or by cross-linking of zeolite containing composite made from zeolite powder and sol–gel solution [3–7]. While the sol–gel route could be more versatile by requiring a shorter processing time, the directly grown film is more effective, particularly for severe corrosive environments. Several zeolite film growth methods, namely in situ crystallisation (InC), dry-gel conversion (DGC) and secondary growth, have been reported [3–5]. The property of a zeolite coating changes with the preparation procedure in a complicated and divergent way [8–10]. Very few mechanistic studies have investigated the governing parameters of zeolite film property for its corrosion protection property. The design principle on the understanding of governing parameters for optimising zeolite property by applying proper preparation protocol needs to be developed. The present paper studies the effect of zeolite growth protocol and the governing parameters of zeolite film property on corrosion protection property.