China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Crude Oil
Published in Anco S. Blazev, Energy Security for The 21st Century, 2021
An important measure of the oil quality and safety is its vapor pressure, also called raid vapor pressure (RVP). Different oils have different RVP, which determines the volatility, or how fast the substance evaporates, and the related explosion risks. Crude oils with higher RVP are usually more prone to explosions during storage and transport than those with lower RVP.
Fossil Energy Markets
Published in Anco S. Blazev, Global Energy Market Trends, 2021
An important measure of the oil quality and safety is its vapor pressure, also called raid vapor pressure (RVP). Different oils have different RVP, which determines the volatility, or how fast the substance evaporates, and the related explosion risks. Crude oils with higher RVP are usually more prone to explosions during storage and transport than those with lower RVP.
Crude Properties
Published in Mark J. Kaiser, Arno de Klerk, James H. Gary, Glenn E. Hwerk, Petroleum Refining, 2019
Mark J. Kaiser, Arno de Klerk, James H. Gary, Glenn E. Hwerk
The Reid vapor pressure (RVP) is frequently used as an indication of volatility of liquid hydrocarbons. It is defined as the absolute vapor pressure (psia or bar) exerted by a mixture of the liquid at 100°F (37.8°C) at a vapor-to-liquid ratio of four. RVP differs slightly from the true vapor pressure due to sample vaporization and the presence of water vapor and air in the space of the test equipment. Conversion between the two measures is performed using ASTM formula. ASTM test methods are defined by D4953, D5191, D5482, or D6378.
Trends in onroad transportation energy and emissions
Published in Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 2018
Several composition-related properties of gasoline affect vehicle emissions including aromatic content, ethanol volume, Reid vapor pressure (RVP), T50, and T90. RVP is an indicator of the volatility of the fuel. The potential for evaporative emissions, as well as cold start characteristics, is related to RVP. T50 and T90 are the temperatures at which 50% and 90%, respectively, of the volume of the fuel is distilled (evaporated) (EPA 2013c). Adding ethanol to gasoline tends to increase RVP, particular at the E10 blending ratio (Andersen et al. 2010). EPA requires the use of reduced RVP fuel blends in summer months depending on the state, with more stringent (lower RVP) requirements in ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) nonattainment areas, but can allow an increase in RVP of 1.0 psi related to E10 blends (EPA 2015c).
Radial basis function (RBF) network for modeling gasoline properties
Published in Petroleum Science and Technology, 2019
Afshin Tatar, Ali Barati, Adel Najafi, Amir H. Mohammadi
Ratings or octane numbers indicate the quality of the gasoline and its classification based on its performance and price. This parameter is applied to evaluate the efficiency and power of engine worked utilizing gasoline viz. premium or regular; (Assis et al. 2013; Doble et al. 2003). The SG has an important role in evaluating the ability of operational and performance of the engine (Aleme, Costa, and Barbeira 2009). The Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP) is an important parameter that describes the gasoline's tendency for evaporation. The lower RVP means it is hard to evaporate (Teixeira et al. 2009). The MON and RON are the two usual octane rating scales which are specified in a test engine under organized conditions (Assis et al. 2013).
Experimental research on ethyl acetate as novel oxygenated fuel in the spark-ignition (SI) engine
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2023
Abdülvahap Çakmak, Murat Kapusuz, Hakan Özcan
The fuels used in the preparation of fuel blends are unleaded gasoline having less than 10 ppm sulfur and ethyl acetate with 99.5% purity. Fundamental physical and chemical fuel properties of gasoline and ethyl acetate obtained from Refs. (Amine et al. 2018; Badawy, Williamson, and Xu 2016; Dabbagh et al. 2013; Gu et al. 2012; Li et al. 2017b; Ozsezen and Canakci 2011; PubChem n.d.; Pulkrabek 1997) are shown in Table 1. The experiments were performed with base gasoline, 5% and 10% by volume of ethyl acetate mixed with base gasoline and referred to as G, E5, and E10, respectively. Density and lower heating value (LHV) of fuel blends were measured by following the ASTM D 4052 and ASTM D 240 standards, respectively. The measured densities and lower heating values of fuel blends are presented in Table 1. It was discovered that ethyl acetate can be blended directly with gasoline in 5% and 10% volume proportion without using any surfactant and no phase separation was observed after fuel blends were kept at room temperature and atmospheric pressure for 60 days. Moreover, atmospheric distillation curves for all test fuels were measured by using LAB-KITS Distillation Tester (Model: PT-SYD-6536), and they were presented in Figure 1. Volatility is a very important fuel characteristic that influences straightly engine performance and exhaust emissions (McMillan and Halsall 1988). As is well-known, the Reid vapor pressure (RVP) test and distillation test are the measures of the fuel’s volatility. Reid vapor pressure represents the ability to evaporate off the light hydrocarbon fraction, while distillation curves are indicators of the volatility of light, medium and heavy components (Da Silva et al. 2005). Since, gasoline composed of a variety of hydrocarbons that each one of them has a different boiling point and evaporates at different temperatures and at different rates, distillation curves for test fuels were determined and compared. It is observed in Figure 1, the addition of ethyl acetate to gasoline did not significantly change the distillation curves. Besides, the distillation properties of the fuel blends conformed to the EN 228 specification and this indicates that ethyl acetate has the potential to be used as an oxygenated blend component up to 10% by volume.