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Industrial Materials Science and Engineering
Published in Richard L. Shell, Ernest L. Hall, Handbook of Industrial Automation, 2000
There are, of course, more complex binary phase phenomena as shown for example in Fig.17c which involves different crystal structures, solubilities, valences, and ionic/atomic sizes. In addition, phase equilibria involving three (ternary phase diagrams), four (quaternary phase diagrams) or more elements are also common among more advanced industrial materials or materials systems. There are also non-equilibrium materials systems, and mechanical alloying is a contemporary example. In this process, partially soluble or insoluble (immiscible) components can be mixed or milled together in a high-speed attritor to produce mechanically bonded, fine-powder mixtures which can be sintered into fully dense, bulk systems at high temperature and pressure. Figure 18 shows an example of such a system involving tungsten and hafnium carbide compared with an equilibrium aluminum alloy forming compounds as complex precipitates of (Fe, Cu, Al) Si.
Photonic generation of binary and quaternary phased-coded microwave pulses with tunable frequency multiplication factor
Published in Journal of Modern Optics, 2020
Xiong Luo, Lan Yu, Anle Wang, Jianghai Wo, Yalan Wang, Jin Zhang, Ranran Liu, Haida Yang
Clearly, according to the simulation results, the capability of the system to generate pulsed radar waveforms with reconfigurable phase coding pattern is demonstrated. The binary phase-coded pulses can be generated by setting ‘’ as a three-level stair wave, while the quaternary phase-coded pulses can be generated by setting ‘’, ‘’ as a four-level stair wave and a rectangle pulse, respectively. Furthermore, the FMF of the proposed scheme can be tuned between 4 and 8. Compared to former phase-coded signal generation schemes [6–27], the characteristics of our scheme are quaternary phase coding pattern, in pulse mode, and frequency octupling.