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Drug Nanocrystals
Published in Klaus D. Sattler, st Century Nanoscience – A Handbook, 2020
Mayank Singhal, Jouni Hirvonen, Leena Peltonen
In parenteral delivery, reduced particle size enables intravenous administration of poorly soluble drugs without obstructing the blood capillaries. The parenteral route (iv, im, sc) of administration provides a quick onset of drug action and reduces the amount of the drug in the parenteral dosage form. Iv administration avoids the first-pass metabolism and potential drug irritation/degradation in the GI tract. Wang et al. (2012a) formulated puerarin nanocrystals and evaluated the pharmacokinetic parameters of the drug after intravenous delivery. Puerarin is used to treat coronary heart disease and presents a good candidate for iv delivery as a poorly water-soluble compound with adverse drug reactions in solution with cosolvents. Drug delivery and absorption results of puerarin in beagle dogs revealed that the puerarin nanocrystals significantly reduced C max and clearance values, and resulted in a significantly greater MRT (mean residence time), clearance and elimination half-life values compared to the puerarin solution, indicating higher drug efficacy and also drug safety by the nanocrystals.
Lead Toxicity
Published in Debasis Bagchi, Manashi Bagchi, Metal Toxicology Handbook, 2020
Rokeya Pervin, Md. Akil Hossain, Dipti Debnath, Mohiuddin Ahmed Bhuiyan
Puerarin, an isoflavonoid compound, is widely distributed in the variety of plants and herbs, and this is the major bioactive compound in Pueraria. This compound is reported in a recent study for its GSK-3β and Akt phosphorylation promoting effects in lead acetate-exposed PC-12 cells [4]. It is concluded in this report that puerarin as a natural estrogen might be a promising candidate to prevent and treat lead-induced neurotoxicity associated chronic diseases.
Protective effects of natural compounds against paraquat-induced pulmonary toxicity: the role of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2023
Hasan Badibostan, Nastaran Eizadi-Mood, A. Wallace Hayes, Gholamreza Karimi
Radix puerariae is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine prescribed for alcoholism. Puerarin is a bioactive component that is extracted from the root of R. puerariae (Liu et al. 2015). Follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL1) is a 306-amino acid that is produced by fibroblasts, osteocytes, myocytes, and endothelial cells (Chaly et al. 2012). FSTL1 is involved in numerous pathophysiological processes. This glycoprotein plays a role in the central nervous system and lung development (Chaly et al. 2012; Li et al. 2020). Interestingly, inhibition of miR-21 attenuated lung fibrosis in mice (Liu et al. 2015). PQ is a profibrogenic agent that induces lung fibrosis through the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway (Jin et al. 2018). It was observed that Radix puerariae extracts (RPEs) alleviated or at least reduced PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibition of the FSTL1 and Nrf2 signaling pathways. RPEs also reduced several pathological features of lung fibrosis by the inhibition of oxidative stress through decreased micro RNA-21 (miR-21) expression (Liu et al. 2015). miR-21 is a key target that is upregulated during fibrogenesis. TGF-β1 has been shown to stimulate the expression of this marker in the lungs of mice. It was observed that the expression of miR-21 increased in the lungs of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) (Yamada et al. 2013).
Subcritical water extraction of bioactive compounds from Radix Puerariae and optimization study using response surface methodology
Published in Chemical Engineering Communications, 2019
Ting Zhao, Yingbiao Luo, Xiaoyue Zhang, Weijie Zhang, Hongyuan Qu, Guanghua Mao, Ye Zou, Wei Wang, Qian Li, Yao Chen, Weiwei Feng, Liuqing Yang, Xiangyang Wu
The content of pueraria isoflavones, including puerarin, daidzin, and daidzein were determined by HPLC on an LC-10ATvp chromatograph (Shimadzu, Tokyo, Japan) equipped with a Hypersil ODS column (Φ 4.6 × 250 mm, 5 μm, Dalian, China) and a UV detector. The column was kept at 35 °C and the UV detector was determined at 250 nm. The mobile phase consisted of distilled water (solvent A) and methanol (solvent B), the flow rate was 0.8 mL/min, and 20 μL samples were applied to the machine. The gradient elution program was performed as follows, 0–4 min, 25% B; 4–7 min, 25–32% B; 7–9 min, 32% B; 9–11 min, 32–50% B; 11–24 min, 50% B; 24–30 min, 50–25% B. The content of puerarin, daidzin, and daidzein in crude extracts were estimated by the standard curve. Standard puerarin, daidzin, and daidzein were used as standards, the regression equation of the calibration curve was Y = 5 × 106X – 9129.5 (R2 = 0.9999), Y = 5 × 106X + 10,554 (R2 = 0.9993), and Y = 5 × 106X + 10,554 (R2 = 09994), the results were expressed as mg puerarin, daidzin, or daidzein per 1 g RP powder.
Bibliometric analysis on cardiovascular disease treated by traditional Chinese medicines based on big data
Published in International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and Distributed Systems, 2020
Junnan Liu, Xing Zhai, Xianfu Liao
Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix could improve micro-circulation, dilate coronary arteries, inhibit the adhesion and aggregation of platelets and prevent myocardial ischaemia; therefore, it is commonly used alone or with other herbs in China, U.S.A. and other countries to treat coronary artery diseases and cardiovascular diseases [11]. The ligustrazine in Chuanxiong Rhizoma could dilate blood vessels, increase the blood flow of coronary arteries, brain vessels and placenta, inhibit aggregation of platelets, reduce activities of platelets and blood viscosity, and improve micro-circulation and haemorheology. It has a definite therapeutic effect on treating pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome. Experiments and studies have proved that the effective ingredient of Puerariae Radix is an isoflavone compound called puerarin. It could reduce the pathological increasing of endothelin, regulate the levels of nitric oxide, and in the way it maintains normal vascular tension and regulates the vasomotor disorders [11]. Tao [20] analysed 58 active ingredients from Curcumae Radix formula through network pharmacology methods and predicted 32 potential targets related to cardiovascular diseases. The results of this research indicate that he identical targets (15) shared by Curcumae Radix and Gardeniae Fructus are higher than those shared by Moschus and Borneolum (8 and 1, respectively). The results of further study showed that Curcumae Radix is the main effective ingredient in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, and synergistic effects would occur when Curcumae Radix is used together with other three herbs. Astragali Radix could dilate coronary vessels, improve the heart function, and it has anti-inflammatory effects due to improved immune function of lymphocytes [21]. IL-1 and IL-6 are recognised markers of vascular inflammation.