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Sources, Composition, and Characterization of Agro-Industrial Byproducts
Published in Anil Kumar Anal, Parmjit S. Panesar, Valorization of Agro-Industrial Byproducts, 2023
Dipak Das, Parmjit S. Panesar, Gaurav Panesar, Yakindra Timilsena
Agro-industrial byproducts can be used as an ingredient or in processing; for example, they can be dried or used in other innovative technologies to collect useful bioactive substances that could provide health benefits in addition to nutritional value. These bioactive substances are known to provide antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity, which can further be used to formulate various nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and food products (Simitzis and Deligeorgis, 2011). Furthermore, these byproducts are enriched with various health-improving biologically active substances such as dietary fibre, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and anthocyanins (Abbasi-Parizad et al., 2021). Currently, various agro-industrial byproducts are pre-treated or processed to feed ruminants, which would otherwise be thrown away in landfills. Feedstuffs produced from byproducts nourish ruminants and maintain healthy growth and outcomes in manufacturing high-quality edible meat and dairy products. The popularity of agro-industrial byproducts as feedstuffs is increasing day by day as these are easily available at reasonable prices compared with other products (Simitzis and Deligeorgis, 2018). Many agro-industrial byproducts constitute procyanidins, stilbenes, cinnamic acids, and other polyphenolic compounds and can be used as food additives, antioxidants, and antimicrobial compounds. In addition, these can be used in several biotechnological applications (Kumar et al., 2017; Sette et al., 2020).
Evaluation of fungal biomass developed from cocoa by-product as a substrate with corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel
Published in Chemical Engineering Communications, 2023
Gabriel Pereira Monteiro, Iasnaia Maria de Carvalho Tavares, Mayara Cristina Fernandes de Carvalho, Marise Silva Carvalho, Adriana Bispo Pimentel, Pedro Henrique Santos, Eduardo Valério de Barros Vilas Boas, Julieta Rangel de Oliveira, Vera Rossi Capelossi, Muhammad Bilal, Marcelo Franco
Carvalho et al. (2021) used two different methodologies to obtain an inhibitor from cocoa bean shell. They compared the anticorrosive action of the hydroalcoholic extract and cocoa bean shell powder when applied to SAE 1008 carbon steel in a 0.5 mol.L−1 NaCl solution. These researchers verified better corrosion inhibition efficiency in the use of the extract (76.61%) than the use of the cocoa shell powder (55.97%). Yetri et al. (2018) used a polar extract of cacao peel as the eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for mild steel, in this study the authors attribute the efficiency of corrosion inhibition to organic compounds contained in the extracts, such as tannins, amino acids, phenolics and alkaloids containing heteroatomic groups that can inhibit the corrosion rate and are interesting to study. In this same study, the authors identify several active compounds such as quercetin, catechin, gallic acid, epicatechin, catechin, caffeic acid derivate, salvianolic acid, kaempferol 3-o-rutinoside, procyanidin B2 and kaempferol 3-o-(sinapoyl)- sophoside.
Toxicological, chemopreventive, and cytotoxic potentialities of rare vegetal species and supporting findings for the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS)
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2020
Jurandy do Nascimento Silva, Nayana Bruna Nery Monção, Ruth Raquel Soares de Farias, Antonia Maria das Graças Lopes Citó, Mariana Helena Chaves, Mônica Regina Silva de Araújo, Daisy Jereissati Barbosa Lima, Claudia Pessoa, Alessandro de Lima, Edigênia Cavalcante da Cruz Araújo, Gardenia Carmen Gadelha Militão, Marcília Pinheiro da Costa, Raffaele Capasso, Paulo Michel Pinheiro Ferreira
The antiproliferative action of ethanolic extract obtained from M. caesalpiniifolia leaves on human breast cancer MCF-7 cells was attributed to phenols and flavonoids (catechin, 2,3-dihydroquercetagetin, and procyanidin B2) (Silva et al. 2014). The concentrations were approximately 6-fold higher (up to 320 μg/ml) than levels examined here. It is worthwhile noting that our lower extract concentrations successfully detected cytotoxicity, cell cycle arrest, and chromosome damage at 50 μg/ml. This suggests that in the case of dichloromethane extracts betulinic acid seems to play an important role in antiproliferative responses. This supports the hypothesis that extractants of intermediate polarity, such as dichloromethane, separates distinctive contents of phytochemicals, and it was more effective in isolating antiproliferative compounds but not efficient to attain antioxidant constituents when compared to nonpolar [hexane, HC-Mca (4)] and polar [water, AF-Mca (6)] extractors (Ahmed et al. 2014; Monção et al. 2015). In future, it is proposed to conduct in vivo studies to confirm the M. caesalpiniifolia stem bark anticancer effects and its correlation with betulinic acid.
Identification of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of guava dehydrated by different drying methods
Published in Drying Technology, 2020
Xuan Liu, Xu Yan, Jinfeng Bi, Xinye Wu, Jianing Liu, Mo Zhou
Compound 8 exhibited [M-H]− at m/z 289.0712, corresponding to the deprotonated ion of catechin/epicatechin. It gave rise to characteristic fragments simultaneously, m/z 125.0293, m/z 137.0197, and m/z 165.0145 from the cleavage of heterocyclic C-ring through RDA rearrangement. The m/z 179.0297 could be a segment that one unit of catechol departed from parent molecule ion. In addition, a series of fragments at m/z of 203.0670, 227.0760, 245.0796, and 271.0577 were also obtained. By comparing the elution order of catechin, epicatechin and procyanidin type B (dimers),[16] compound 8 was verified as catechin. For the overlapped fragmentation information of catechin, compound 15 was tentatively identified as catechin hydrate linked to molecular weight.