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Wind technology design and reverse osmosis systems for off-grid and grid-connected applications
Published in Hacene Mahmoudi, Noreddine Ghaffour, Mattheus Goosen, Jochen Bundschuh, Renewable Energy Technologies for Water Desalination, 2017
Eftihia Tzen, Kyriakos Rossis, Jaime González, Pedro Cabrera, Baltasar Peñate, Vicente Subiela
During recent decades, the energy requirements for the operation of seawater RO units have been dramatically reduced with the use of energy recovery devices (ERDs). RO plants use ERDs to recover energy from the pressurized reject brine, thereby improving the overall efficiency of the system. ERDs use increases the initial cost of the system but effectively reduces its energy requirement. Current RO plants utilize isobaric pressure exchanger devices, which can reduce the energy consumption of the desalination rack below 3 kWh m−3. For large- and medium-scale RO plants, there are several pressure exchangers on the market which can achieve specific energy consumptions between 2.5 and 3.5 kWh m−3. Moreover, RO plants of larger capacity (above 1000 m3 day−1) could achieve extremely low energy consumption rates – below 2.5 kWh m−3 – through the use of ERDs together with the use of the latest generation of membranes and high-efficiency high-pressure pumps. For smaller RO capacities, the ERD opportunities are more limited and the efficiency benefits lower. Nevertheless, for a 20 m3 day−1 seawater RO unit the energy requirements could be reduced to less than 3.0 kWh m−3 with the use of an ERD.
Technology options and cost estimates of nuclear powered desalination in the United Arab Emirates
Published in Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 2023
Bassam A. Khuwaileh, Fatima E. Alzaabi, Belal Almomani, Muataz Ali
For the desalination plants, the standard SWRO Toray membrane TM820M-400 [41] and Umm Al Nar plant were considered as references for the major technical inputs of the RO membrane and MED-TVC plant, respectively. A summary of the membrane’s main properties is given in Table 7. Umm Al Nar seawater desalination plant is a MED technology operating at low temperature with TVC. The facility consists of two units each with a production capacity of 16,500 m3/d and a total of six effects (three per unit) [42]. The maximum design temperature and salinity of the seawater feed are 33°C and 52,000 ppm [40]. Technical parameters adapted from reference [36] for the RO are the maximum design pressure of the membrane, design average permeates flux, nominal permeate flux, nominal net driving pressure, and pressure drop across the system. The energy recovery efficiency was kept as default which is the pressure exchanger (PX) type with 95% as shown in Table 8. The MED-TVC plant setup was taken from references [42–44] including the maximum brine temperature, average temperature drops between stages, GOR, and ratio for entrained vapor. An intermediate loop was included in the thermal process as it is often required for NPPs coupled to a distillation plant. Either a hot water loop for MSF or a flash loop for MED. The intermediate loop specific capital cost will be estimated by DEEP as a function of GOR:
Effect of FCC light diesel blending ratio on properties of refined products in diesel hydrofining unit
Published in Petroleum Science and Technology, 2022
Jing Zhu, Jiyu Han, Guijin Tao, Xiaoli Zhang
The filtered feedstock are heated in turn by a high-pressure exchanger and furnace before entering the refining reactor, and the reactions of hydrodesulfurization and denitrification as well as olefin and aromatic saturation are carried out in the reactor. The reaction products are separated successively in high and low pressure separators. The liquid products separated from the low-pressure separator are separated by of hydrogen sulfide stripper tower and product fractionator in turn after being heated by exchanger. Naphtha with low sulfur, low nitrogen and high aromatic potential is produced from the top of product fractionator, while diesel oil with low sulfur and high CI is produced from the bottom of product fractionator (Zheng 2020; Chen, Wang, and Shi 2021).
Membrane desalination of ballast water using thermoelectric energy from waste heat
Published in Journal of Marine Engineering & Technology, 2022
A production rate of 1 m3/h with a typical water recovery of 40% was assumed. Table 2 shows the energy requirements for the pre-treatment, chemical dosing, high pressure pump, post treatment and membrane cleaning without an energy recovery device. The specific energy consumption for freshwater production using a Pelton-turbine type energy recovery device is shown in Table 3. Similarly, specific energy consumption for freshwater production using a pressure exchanger type energy recovery device is shown in Table 4.