China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Drug Solubility and Solubilization
Published in Sandeep Nema, John D. Ludwig, Parenteral Medications, 2019
Ching-Chiang Su, Lan Xiao, Michael J. Hageman
Polysorbate 80 is a nonionic surfactant commonly used in parenteral formulations. Chlordiazepoxide (Librium™) comprises 4% of polysorbate 80 along with 20% propylene glycol and is injected undiluted intramuscularly. Quite often the surfactant containing formulation is diluted prior to intravenous administration to reduce toxicity. For example, amiodarone hydrochloride has a water solubility of 0.7 mg/mL, which is solubilized to 50 mg/mL in Cordarone™ by a combination of 10% polysorbate 80 and pH adjustment to 4.1. It is administered by intravenous infusion after a 25-fold dilution with dextrose 5%. Solutol HS-15 is a newer nonionic surfactant for parenteral formulation. Solutol HS-15 is used up to 50% to solubilize propanidid, 7% to solubilize vitamin K1. Solutol HS-15 has also been used in preclinical formulations to prepare supersaturated injectable formulations of water-insoluble molecules (65).
Research Progress in Synthesization, Coating, and Characterization of Magnetic Nanoparticles
Published in Francisco Torrens, A. K. Haghi, Tanmoy Chakraborty, Chemical Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 2019
Lavanya Tandon, Poonam Khullar
The oleic acid-coated superparamagnetic nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by thermal decomposition of iron(III) acetylacetonate as a precursor and oleic acid as primary ligand in benzyl ether.70 These MNPs are typically coated with hydrophobic ligands. Therefore, it was necessary to modify the surface coating to make the MNPs more water-soluble and biocompatible. Polysorbate 80 is a biocompatible compound commonly used for biochemical applications and in the food production industry due to its nontoxic and biodegradable properties.71 Also, other important features of polysorbate 80 are that it is commonly used as protein stabilizer and blocking agent for nonspecific binding.72 Polysorbate compounds are composed of three functional groups: (1) the aliphatic ester chains, which prevent nonspecific binding of biomolecules, (2) hydrophilic three-terminal hydroxyl groups, which can be modified for further applications, and (3) an aliphatic chain that can easily adsorb on a hydrophobic surface of oleic-coated MNPs via noncovalent interactions (Fig. 10.S1).73,74 Prior to the modification of the oleic-coated MNP surface, the terminal hydroxyl groups of polysorbate 80 are replaced with carboxyl groups using succinic anhydride.75 The carboxyl group can be readily conjugated with amine-functionalized targeting moieties, such as antibodies. Hydrophilic PCMNCs were synthesized using a water-in-oil microemulsion technique (Figs. 10.1B and 10.S2).76 The size increments of MNP clusters are induced using polysorbate 80, which have a low Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC), and an Evaporation Induced Self Assembly (EISA) method. In the last step of the process, the carboxyl group of polysorbate 80 on O-antibody-coated polysorbate 80-coated magnetic nanoclusters (PCMNCs) is conjugated with the amine group of the antibodies.
Stable and bioactive W/O/W emulsion loaded with “Pitanga” (Eugenia uniflora L.) leaf hydroethanolic extract
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2022
Larissa Tessaro, Carla Giovana Luciano, Maria Fernanda Libório Martins, Ana Paula Ramos, Milena Martelli-Tosi, Paulo José do Amaral Sobral
In a previous study, Tessaro et al.[20] developed a very stable W/O emulsion encapsulating the “Pitanga” leaf’s hydroethanolic extracts. Thus, using this emulsion to produce a W/O/W emulsion can increase the potential use of this product regarding aqueous systems as foodstuffs or biopolymers based films.[21] In this case, the stabilization of outer interface of W/O/W emulsion is enabled with the presence of a hydrophilic emulsifier which is incorporated into outer water phase before secondary emulsification.[22] Polysorbate 80 (tween 80) is a nonionic hydrophilic emulsifier that can quickly and effectively reduce the interfacial tension of the two emulsions phase[23], and it can be combined with another class of emulsifier, such as proteins.[24]
Promotion of clinoptilolite adsorption for azithromycin antibiotic by Tween 80 and Triton X-100 surface modifiers under batch and fixed-bed processes
Published in Chemical Engineering Communications, 2021
Zahra Saadi, Reza Fazaeli, Leila Vafajoo, Iraj Naser, Ghodratollah Mohammadi
In this study, triton X-100 and tween 80 were investigated as nonionic chemical surfactants. Triton X-100 includes a hydrophilic polyethylene oxide chain and an aromatic hydrocarbon lipophilic or hydrophobic group. It is widely used for its features including effective performance across a broad range of temperatures, easy biodegradation, and water solubility. Polysorbate 80 (Tween 80) is derived from polyethoxylated sorbitan and oleic acid which is known as a hydrophilic nonionic surfactant. This surfactant is widely applied as it is environmentally friendly, biocompatible, commercially inexpensive, and nontoxic (Kerwin 2008).