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Factors Affecting the Properties of Sustainable Composites
Published in Jitendra Kumar Katiyar, Mohammed Abdul Samad, Tribology in Sustainable Composites, 2023
Jitendra Kumar Katiyar, Mohammed Abdul Samad
The dispersion of the fiber material to the matrix is very much important for obtaining good mechanical properties. The interaction between natural fibers and polymer matrix is quite weak due to the hydrophilic nature of the fibers. A minor change in parameters during the processing of composite, such as mixing speed, pressure and temperature, will affect the properties of the final product. Polymer blends are described as a mixture of two or more polymers designed to improve the qualities of products while lowering the cost. Polymer blends can simply be considered as polymer alloys. Nassar et al. (2021) found the irregular geometry of natural fibers that are responsible for lowering the strength of ecocomposites due to weak interfacial regions, poor compatibility and wetting between polar plant fibers and non-polar polymers. The interfacial adhesion between fiber and matrix can be improved either by physical treatment or by chemical treatment or functionalization of fibers and polymers. Each of the three techniques has been described in detail in Chapter 1 and is briefly described in the following section.
Effect of Chemical Structure on Polymer Properties
Published in Anil Kumar, Rakesh K. Gupta, Fundamentals of Polymer Engineering, 2018
Polymer blends are physical mixtures of two or more polymers and are commercially prepared by mechanical mixing, which is achieved through screw compounders and extruders. In these mixtures, different polymers tend to separate (instead of mixing uniformly) into two or more distinct phases due to incompatibility. One measure taken to improve miscibility is to introduce specific interactive functionalities on polymer pairs. Hydrogen-bondings have been shown to increase miscibility and, as a consequence, improve the strength of the blends. Eisenberg and co-workers have also employed acid–base interaction (as in sulfonated polystyrene with polyethylmethacrylate–Co–4-vinyl pyridine) and ion–dipole interaction (as in polystyrene–Co–lithium methacrylate and polyethylene oxide) to form improved blends.
Copolymerization
Published in Charles E. Carraher, Carraher's Polymer Chemistry, 2017
There is an ongoing search for new materials and materials that exhibit needed properties. Blends are one of the major avenues of achieving these new materials without actually synthesizing new polymers. Polymer blends are physical mixtures of two or more polymers, though sometimes the various phases are chemically bonded together. These blended mixtures may offer distinct properties, one set of properties related to one member of the blend, and another set of properties related to the second member of the blend. The blended mixtures may also offer some averaging of properties. The property mix of polymeric blends is dependent on a number of factors, one of the major being the miscibility of the polymers in one another. This miscibility is in turn dependent on the nature of the polymers composing the blend and the amount of each component in the blend. Here, polymer blends will be divided into miscible and immiscible polymer blends.
Gelatin-based electrospun and lyophilized scaffolds with nano scale feature for bone tissue engineering application: review
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2022
Yogendra Pratap Singh, Sudip Dasgupta
The future scope of materials in bone tissue engineering lies in the development of a polymer composite that closely matches natural bone in mechanical strength and stiffness, however, also comprises enough bioactive components to promote the regeneration of new and healthy bone tissue. Popular scaffolds contain high-strength synthetic and natural biopolymers in combination with bioactive nanoparticles/nanofillers loaded into the polymer matrix to promote naturally regenerative processes. Polymer blends are also promising for optimizing materials physicochemical, mechanical, and biological properties. More research should be done on bioactive additives in the preparation of BTE scaffolds because various synthetic and natural polymers have already been shown to possess mechanical properties that closely match native bone.
Effects of modified graphene on property optimization in thermal conductive composites based on PPS/PA6 blend
Published in Soft Materials, 2021
Yi Lin, Feng Lang, Dan Zeng, YOU Yi-Lan, Duxin Li, Chunguang Xiao
Polymer blends can combine the properties of several polymer components and improve the comprehensive properties of materials.[8,9,13] In the study of thermal conductivity composite materials, the double percolation structure is used to elective localization of fillers in one phase of the co-continuous blends.[14–17] Such a strategy could effectively reduce the volume fraction of fillers while retaining high thermal conductivity. Al-Saleh et al.[18] studied carbon black (CB) filled polypropylene (PP)/polystyrene (PS) polymer blends and a reduced percolation threshold was detected for the selective localization of CB at the interfaces of PP/PS blend. Zhou et al.[19] investigated graphite-filled immiscible Polyamide 6 (PA6)/polypropylene (PP) blend and concluded that the thermal conductive properties of the graphite-containing blend showed enhanced conductivity for the double-percolation structure compared with that of single polymer composites at the same graphite loading.
Performance evaluation of polymeric blend of vinyl acetate and acrylate-based copolymers in lubricating oil
Published in Petroleum Science and Technology, 2019
A polymer blend, analogous to metal alloys is a mixture of two or more polymers blended together to form a new material with different physical properties. Generally, there are five main types of polymer blend: thermoplastic–thermoplastic blends; thermoplastic–rubber blends; thermoplastic–thermosetting blends; rubber–thermosetting blends; and polymer–filler blends, all of which have been extensively studied. By traditional method using some suitable raw materials which are easy to polymerize, preparation and then commercialization of new polymer usually requires many years and is very expensive too. But polymer blending process may reduce both cost and time for development and commercialization of new polymeric material to perhaps 2–3 years (Scobbo and Goettler 2003). Hence polymer blending has attracted much attention as an easy and economic method for developing polymeric materials with huge and versatile applications in commercial sector. As for example, the production of polymer blends replacing traditional polymers represents half of all plastics produced in 2010 (Parameswaranpillai, Thomas, and Grohens 2015).